Ch. 11 Atmosphere

4. occurs when an air mass is forced to rise over a topographic barrier
6. is a small particle in the atmosphere around which water droplets can form
9. layer closest to Earth's surface that contains most of the mass of the atmosphere, where weather happens
12. is the transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves
15. a layer in which the air temperature mainly increases with altitude and contains ozone layer
16. is the transfer of thermal energy between objects when their atoms or molecules collide
19. is the temperature to which air must be cooled at constant pressure to reach saturation
21. the amount of water vapor in a volume of air relative to the amount of water vapor needed for that volume of air to reach saturation

1. occurs when cloud droplets collide and join together to form a larger droplet
2. is the layer between about 85 km and 600 km above Earth's surface, the extremely low density of air causes temperatures to rise
3. extra thermal energy contained in water compared to liquid water
5. all forms of water that fall from clouds to the ground
7. is an increase in temperature with height in atmospheric layer
8. occurs when the amount of water vapor in a volume of air has reached the maximum amount
10. often have a wispy, indistinct appearance
11. is the outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere, extends about 600 km to more than 10,000 km above Earth's surface
13. is the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere at a given location on Earth's surface
14. is about 50km to 85 km above Earth's surface, temperature decreases with altitude
17. are puffy, lumpy-looking clouds that usually occur below 2000 m
18. is the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of heated material from one place to another
20. layered sheet like clouds which can cover much or all of the sky in a given area, usually occur below 2000 m