Ch. 12 Education

1. a social process in which rewards are based on relative performance
7. public schools that focus on particular disciplines or areas, such as fine arts or science
10. an instructional method that relies on cooperation among students
12. a curriculum that emphasized differences among gender, ethnic, and racial categories
14. the condition in which schooling produces the same results for lower-class and minority children as it does for other children
16. schools run by private companies with government funds
18. the placement of students in programs according to academic ability
20. education that is provided and regulated by society

2. a non-bureaucratic approach to education based on democracy, flexibility, and non-competitiveness
3. the achievement of a racial balance in the classroom
4. the capacity for thinking abstractly
5. specific curricular programs designed to overcome a deficiency
6. an approach to education based on student-teacher collaboration
8. the informal and unofficial aspects of culture that children are taught in school; the nonacademic agenda that teaches discipline, order, cooperativeness, and conformity
9. an action that produces an unintended and unrecognized result
11. an intended and recognized result of an action
13. a society in which social status is based on ability and achievement
15. public schools that are operated like private schools by public school teachers and administrators
17. a system in which public school funds may be used to support public, private, or religious schools
19. an unfair slant in testing or materials in favor of certain groups