Across
- 3. A calculation of body weight relative to height used to assess body weight categories; formula: (Weight in lbs ÷ Height in inches²) × 703.
- 5. The energy required to support internal body systems at rest, including breathing, blood circulation, nerve activity, hormone secretion, and body temperature maintenance.
- 9. The sum of basal metabolism, physical activity energy, and thermic effect of food; total calories burned daily.
- 10. Energy expended during planned exercise and structured movement; accounts for 25–35% of total daily energy expenditure.
- 11. The concentration of energy in a food; high fat, low water foods have high calorie density, while high water, low fat foods have low calorie density.
- 13. A method of measuring the energy in food by burning it completely in a bomb calorimeter and measuring the heat produced.
- 15. The principle that weight stability occurs when calories consumed (energy in) equals calories burned (energy out).
- 17. A method of assessing body composition using calipers to measure the thickness of subcutaneous fat (fat under the skin).
- 20. Compounds formed when the body converts fat into energy during prolonged energy deficiency or very low carbohydrate diets.
- 22. A state in which energy intake exceeds energy expenditure, resulting in excess calories being stored as body fat.
- 25. A BMI classification indicating excess body weight; BMI between 25–29.9.
- 27. The average number of calories needed daily to maintain energy balance, based on age, gender, weight, height, and physical activity level.
- 29. A device used in direct calorimetry that burns food completely to measure the energy released as heat.
- 30. The energy required for digestion, absorption, and metabolism of food; represents 5–10% of total daily energy expenditure.
Down
- 1. A BMI classification indicating insufficient body weight; BMI below 18.5.
- 2. A body composition assessment tool calculated by dividing waist measurement by hip measurement; health standards are <0.90 for men and <0.85 for women.
- 4. A BMI classification indicating significant excess body weight with increased health risks; BMI of 30 or higher.
- 6. The number of calories the body burns at rest to maintain basic physiological functions; accounts for 60–65% of total daily energy expenditure.
- 7. A unit of measurement for energy in food; 1 calorie = the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C.
- 8. The ability to do work; exists in forms including chemical energy (from food), mechanical energy (from movement), and heat energy (body temperature).
- 12. Weight appropriate to a person's gender, height, and body frame that is associated with health and longevity and reduces disease risk.
- 14. A measurement of abdominal fat; health standards are <40 inches for men and <35 inches for women.
- 16. A method of measuring body composition by assessing how the body conducts electrical current; lean tissue conducts better than fat.
- 18. The proportion of lean body tissue (muscle, bone, organs) to fat tissue in the body.
- 19. Similar to BMR but measured 4 hours after eating or exercise (rather than after a 12 hour fast); slightly higher than BMR and more practical for research.
- 21. A state in which energy intake is less than energy expenditure, leading to weight loss, fat depletion, and potentially muscle breakdown.
- 23. Body tissue that is not fat, including water, protein, minerals, organs, muscle, and bone.
- 24. Body fat; the tissue where excess calories are stored; 3,500 excess calories = approximately 1 pound of adipose tissue.
- 26. An abnormal buildup of ketone bodies in the bloodstream, which can alter the acid base balance of blood and pose health risks.
- 28. Nonexercise Activity Thermogenesis; energy expended during daily living activities like walking, fidgeting, and using a keyboard (not planned exercise).