Across
- 4. system by which poor whites and recently freed blacks would lease land from plantation owners, buy tools on credit at general stores (owned by plantation owners), and live on the land as they worked; plantation owners would receive 50% of the yield as rent for the land, then demand more as repayment of credit with unbelievable interest rates; perpetuated near-slavery conditions
- 5. granted African American men the right to vote by declaring that the "right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
- 7. call for the South to become a competitor of the North; need to change work ethic, diversify crops, industrialize business, invest in urban growth, and promote Northern investments by hiding racism
- 8. If southerners took an oath of loyalty to the union they could vote, create a constitution.
- 10. banned the creation of "trusts" or monopolies; did not have real power until the Supreme Court used the language to break down labor unions instead
- 12. rejoin the union, they must ratify 13th amendment, repeal secession, and repudiate confederate debt.
- 13. northern politicians and educators who came to the south to participate in running southern governments or opening schools
- 14. article written by Andrew Carnegie proposing that rich people should use their wealth for the benefit of those without; that the best solution to wealth inequality was a wealth redistribution enacted by the rich
- 16. Issued proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction in 12/8/1863; Called the war a "rebellion"; Wanted to institute a 10% plan
- 22. the southern wing of the Bourbon Democrats, the ultra-conservative, far right, pro-business faction in the Democratic Party, who pursued a policy of Redemption, seeking to oust the Radical Republican, far left coalition of freedmen, "carpetbaggers", and "scalawags". They generally were led by the rich landowners, businessmen and professionals
- 23. President could not remove federal official that had been confirmed by US Senate without consent of the Senate
- 26. Louisiana, Florida, and South Carolina disputed electoral votes, Democrats accuse Republicans of winning by cheating; The election goes to the House and decides in favor of Hayes (R); South Carolina and Louisiana's votes went to Tilden (D), so while the Republicans take the White House, LA and SC fall under white Democrat rule at the state level; Hayes becomes president, but every southern state is under white Democrat rule and federal troops are withdrawn from the South, effectively ending Reconstruction
- 27. Author of "The New South Creed"
Down
- 1. "business leaders in the United States from about 1865 to 1900 who were, on the whole, a set of avaricious rascals who habitually cheated and robbed investors and consumers, corrupted government, fought ruthlessly among themselves, and in general carried on predatory activities..."
- 2. coined the term "survival of the fittest"
- 3. created General Electric, helped created AT&T, and bought out Andrew Carnegie to form US Steel Co; gave the government gold on loan to stop the Panic of 1907
- 6. slave owner but union supporter; sided with small farmers and despised large plantation owners; harsher vision for Reconstruction
- 9. declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free" BUT applied only to states that had seceded from the Union, leaving the loyal border states. It also expressly exempted parts of the Confederacy that had already come under Northern control. Most important, the freedom it promised depended upon Union military victory.
- 11. / created the ICC; initially formed to regulate the railroad industry, particularly to prevent discriminative fares
- 15. granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” which included former slaves recently freed
- 17. governor and senator of California; robber baron owner of the Southern and later Central Pacific Railway; founded Stanford University
- 18. offered entertainment to all classes during the Guilded Age
- 19. the other company tasked with building the Pacific Railway
- 20. the company tasked with building a railroad to the Pacific Ocean; part of the Credit Mobilier scandal
- 21. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
- 24. A government agency given responsibility to transition former slaves into freedmen; They set up schools for African Americans; Contains the possibility of distributing lands to former slaves (lease the land for several years then optionally buy)
- 25. southern whites who supported reconstruction