Across
- 4. towns where cattle were held in pens until they could be loaded into railroad cars and shipped into markets in the East
- 7. the place where Native Americans won a victory over calvary troops
- 9. Sent on an expedition by Jefferson to gather information on the United States' new land and map a route to the Pacific. They kept very careful maps and records of this new land acquired from the Louisiana Purchase.
- 10. self-appointed enforcer of the law
- 12. an area set aside for Native Americans
- 13. U.S. political party formed in 1892 representing mainly farmers, favoring free coinage of silver and government control of railroads and other monopolies
- 14. Financial aide or a land grant from the government
- 17. These people were hired by the railroad companies to fill the labor shortage.
- 18. rich vein of gold, silver, or other valuable ore
- 19. A law that allowed the US government to break up Native American land into 160 acre plots giving to individual Native American families. It encouraged Native Americans to become farmers. It also gave the government a way to give the best land to white farmers.
- 22. The law promised 160 acres of free land to anyone who paid a small fee and farm it for five years. Lands was free but many people did not have money to move west and start a farm.
- 23. how much money did a cowhand earn a day?
- 24. hoses on the frontier because there was not enough wood in the area and the wood was expensive
- 25. This person was a member of the Powhatan tribal nation. They were known for helping the English colonists. They married an English man, went to England, and died there. The Disney movie about her life is completely wrong
- 27. skilled riders who herded cattle on ranches in Mexico, California, and the Southwest
- 28. A railroad that stretches across a continent for coast to coast
- 30. When did the western mining boom start?
- 31. A town that quickly gets a lot of population from miners
- 32. herding and moving herds of cattle, usually to railroad lines
Down
- 1. a famous gold prospector who struck it rich
- 2. a person who tends and drives cattle herds
- 3. The driving of cattle hundreds of miles north to railroad lines in Kansas and Missouri trips
- 5. A town that was once popular, but when mining shut down, everyone left.
- 6. The two companies completed the first transcontinental railroad.
- 8. The Cherokee Indians were forced to leave their lands. They traveled from North Carolina and Georgia through Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas to Oklahoma. More than 1000 miles (1,287 km)-to the Indian Territory. More than 4, 00 Cherokees died of cold, disease, and lack of food during the 116-day journey.
- 11. blazed one of the most famous cattle trails.
- 15. A was fought between the Dakota people and the US government because the Dakota people were not getting the money or supplies promised to them by the government. It ended in the largest mass hanging on US soil. 38 Dakota men were hanged for their involvement in the war.
- 16. The more crops produced, the less money made
- 20. Passed by Congress on May 28, 1830, during the presidency of Andrew Jackson. It authorized the president to negotiate with Indians tribes in the Southern U.S. for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their homelands. The act was strongly supported by non-native people of the South, who were eager to gain access to lands inhabited by the Five Civilized Tribes. The Removal Act paved the way for the reluctant migration of tens of thousands of American Indians to the West, an event widely known as the "Trail of Tears".
- 21. American financier of the Central Pacific Railroad (built 1863-1869) and founder of Stanford University (1885).
- 26. This person was a translator and known for their calming presence on both the expeditioners and the Native Americans they encountered. A Shoshone woman whose language skills and knowledge of geography helped Lewis and Clark
- 29. African American that joined the rush for the homestead land, they fled to Kansas when the felt their freedoms were slipping away. They called themselves the exodusters after the "Exodus" in the Bible