Across
- 7. market in which goods and services are sold illegally
- 11. independently owned group of Japanese firms joined and governed by an external board of directors in order to regulate competition
- 13. national policy of avoiding international alliances and economic interactions
- 14. conversion of state-owned factories and other property to private ownership
- 15. number of people per square mile of land area
- 16. central planning authority in the former Soviet Union that devised and directed Five-Year Plans
- 17. established in 1993 by the Maastricht Treaty, its 28 member countries make it the largest single unified market in the world in terms of population and output
Down
- 1. forced common ownership of factors of production; used in the former Soviet Union in agriculture and manufacturing
- 2. comprehensive, centralized economic plan used by the Soviet Union and China to coordinate development of agriculture and industry
- 3. entering into an activity
- 4. shift of an economy, or part of an economy, from private ownership to government ownership
- 5. China’s second Five-Year Plan, begun in 1958, which forced collectivization of agriculture and rapid industrialization
- 6. independent Polish labor union founded in 1980 by Lech Walesa
- 8. gross domestic product on a per person basis; can be expressed in current or constant dollars
- 9. requiring large amounts of capital in relation to labor.
- 10. fundamental restructuring of the Soviet economy; policy introduced by Gorbachev
- 12. certificates that could be used to purchase government-owned property during privatization