Ch. 2: Cells Vocabulary

4. process during which a cell’s vesicles release their contents outside the cell
5. fluid inside a cell that contains salts and other molecules
8. movement of substances through a cell membrane without using energy
11. one or more sugar molecules
13. large macromolecule that does not dissolve in water
16. network of threadlike proteins inside a cell
17. substance that forms by joining many small molecules
18. outer covering
19. membrane-bound organelle that uses light energy and makes food
20. protects the inside of a cell from the environment
21. macromolecule that forms when a long chain of nucleotides join together
22. long chain of amino acid molecules
24. when molecules pass through a cell membrane using transport proteins
25. reaction used to obtain energy from food when oxygen levels are low

1. movement of substances through a cell membrane using the cell’s energy
2. process by which glucose is broken down
3. process during which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with the cell membrane
6. membrane-bound cell structure with a specialized function
7. diffusion of water molecules only through a membrane
9. living things are made of one or more cells; the cell is the smallest unit of life; new cells come from preexisting cells
10. purpose for which something is used
12. movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
14. stiff structure outside the cell membrane
15. series of reactions that convert light energy, water, and CO2 into glucose and give off oxygen
16. series of chemical reactions that convert energy in food molecules into ATP
21. directs all cell activities and contains DNA
23. explanation based on scientific knowledge resulting from several observations and experiments