Ch 26 RNA Metabolism 2020

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Across
  1. 6. This type of enzymes relieve the positive supercoils generated ahead of the RNA polymerase.
  2. 9. This reverse transcriptase inhibitor of HIV is a thymidine nucleoside analog (use abbreviation).
  3. 10. This type of reaction must occur on the RNA Pol II to terminate eukaryotic transcription.
  4. 12. This is the name of a large complex that aids in the removal of introns.
  5. 14. These DNA sequences are transcribed by translated.
  6. 15. This retrovirus gene encodes for the protease to insert viral DNA into the host genome.
  7. 16. This type of enzyme degrades nucleic acids.
  8. 17. This gene when incorporated into retroviruses can cause cancer.
  9. 22. This snRNP binds and defines the 5'-splice site.
  10. 24. This transcription factor is responsible for the phosphorylation of the CTD of the RNA Pol II enzyme enabling transcription in Eukaryotes (use abbreviation).
  11. 25. The RNA polymerase binds to a DNA sequence called this to begin transcription.
  12. 27. The growing RNA chain is _______ to the template strand of DNA.
  13. 30. This protein has helicase activity and is involved in the factor-dependent mechanism in the termination of transcription in bacteria.
  14. 31. High levels of this on histones proteins is associated with high transcriptional activity.
  15. 33. This intramolecular, self-complementary structure occurs in the factor-independent mechanism in the termination of transcription in bacteria.
  16. 35. This snRNP binds near the 3'-end of the intron.
  17. 39. This strand of the DNA is the nontemplate strand that has the same sequence as the RNA transcript.
  18. 40. This type of splicing can produce different peptides from a single gene depending on RNA processing.
  19. 42. This sequence is found at the 5'-end of the splice site.
  20. 43. This RNA polymerase is the main enzyme that is responsible for the transcription of the majority of protein-coding genes (use abbreviation).
  21. 44. This cation is used by the RNA polymerase to unwind the DNA at the promoter region.
Down
  1. 1. This functional group performs the nucleophilic attack during RNA chain growth during the elongation phase of transcription.
  2. 2. This types of proteins bind at sites on the DNA that prevent gene transcription.
  3. 3. This subunit of Bacterial RNA polymerase is the main catalytic subunit.
  4. 4. The 5' cap forms from a reaction with a molecule of ___ and the nucleotide at the 5'-end of the mRNA sequence.
  5. 5. This multiprotein complex enables communication between enhancer regions of DNA and proteins bound at the promoter region of genes.
  6. 7. Nucleotides that are 5' or before the first nucleotide of the RNA molecule are given negative values are called this; ______ of the promoter.
  7. 8. This type of RNAs regulate the expression of genes and affect translation of mRNAs.
  8. 11. The two consensus sequences at -10 and -35 for the sigma subunit binding are called _____ sequences.
  9. 13. These type of factors bind to the RNA Pol II to enhance processivity and some may bind to the phosphorylated CTD.
  10. 18. This type of RNA is a constituent of the large and small subunits that function in translation
  11. 19. As the the process of transcription continues the DNA is continuously unwound to form this structure called the transcription ________.
  12. 20. This sequence is where the Rho protein binds in factor-dependent termination of transcription.
  13. 21. The large complex that aids in the removal of introns is made up of these proteins (use abbreviation).
  14. 23. This subunit of Bacterial RNA polymerase directs the enzyme to the promoter.
  15. 26. This transcription factor along with TFIIH are released by the RNA Pol II during the elongation phase of eukaryotic transcription.
  16. 28. Activator proteins bind to these regulatory sequences that may exist several kbp upstream from a transcriptional start site.
  17. 29. This type of RNA match their anticodon to the mRNA while carrying a specific amino acid used for protein synthesis
  18. 32. This protein binds the RNA polymerase after the sigma factor dissociates during the elongation phase of bacterial transcription.
  19. 34. Retroviruses have genomes of single-stranded RNA and synthesize their DNA in a process called ______ transcription.
  20. 36. This viral infection targets the human immune system and can lead to the disease AIDS.
  21. 37. This sequence is the conserved sequence that is recognized by endonuclease enzymes to cut the pre-mRNA before the Poly(A) tail is added in the termination of eukaryotic transcription.
  22. 38. This is the number subunits in the bacterial RNA polymerase.
  23. 41. This protein initiates assembly of the preinitiation complex by binding to a specific region in the promoter sequence in Eukaryotic transcription (use abbreviation).
  24. 45. This functional group is added to the 5'-end of the mRNA sequence derived from the SAM cofactor.