Across
- 6. radiation consisting of waves propagated through regularly varying electric and magnetic fields and traveling at the speed of light
- 8. a particular level, or amount, of energy possessed by an atom or ion above the energy it possesses in its least energetic state; also used to refer to the states of energy an electron can have in an atom
- 10. electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 0.01 nanometer and 20 nanometers; intermediate between those of ultraviolet radiation and gamma rays
- 11. the amount of energy passing through a unit area (for example, 1 square meter) per second; the units of flux are watts per square meter
- 13. electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths of roughly 400–700 nanometers; visible to the human eye
- 16. a formula from which the rate at which a blackbody radiates energy can be computed; the total rate of energy emission from a unit area of a blackbody is proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature: F = σT4
- 21. electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 103–106 nanometers; longer than the longest (red) wavelengths that can be perceived by the eye, but shorter than radio wavelengths
- 22. electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths 10 to 400 nanometers; shorter than the shortest visible wavelengths
- 23. formula that relates the temperature of a blackbody to the wavelength at which it emits the greatest intensity of radiation
- 25. electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths from 1 millimeter to 1 meter; longer than infrared but shorter than radio waves
- 26. (for light) the amount of energy (light) flowing through a given area in a given time decreases in proportion to the square of the distance from the source of energy or light
- 27. an instrument for obtaining a spectrum; in astronomy, usually attached to a telescope to record the spectrum of a star, galaxy, or other astronomical object
- 28. an atom that has become electrically charged by the addition or loss of one or more electrons
Down
- 1. the number of waves that cross a given point per unit time (in radiation)
- 2. photons (of electromagnetic radiation) of energy with wavelengths no longer than 0.01 nanometer; the most energetic form of electromagnetic radiation
- 3. the whole array or family of electromagnetic waves, from radio to gamma rays
- 4. the distance from crest to crest or trough to trough in a wave
- 5. the apparent change in wavelength or frequency of the radiation from a source due to its relative motion away from or toward the observer
- 7. motion toward or away from the observer; the component of relative velocity that lies in the line of sight
- 8. a series or pattern of bright lines superimposed on a continuous spectrum
- 9. any of two or more forms of the same element whose atoms have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
- 11. the process of giving an atom or an ion an amount of energy greater than it has in its lowest energy (ground) state
- 12. a discrete unit (or “packet”) of electromagnetic energy
- 14. the lowest energy state of an atom
- 15. a spectrum of light composed of radiation of a continuous range of wavelengths or colors, rather than only certain discrete wavelengths
- 17. the massive part of an atom, composed mostly of protons and neutrons, and about which the electrons revolve
- 18. a series or pattern of dark lines superimposed on a continuous spectrum
- 19. an idealized object that absorbs all electromagnetic energy that falls onto it
- 20. all electromagnetic waves longer than microwaves, including radar waves and AM radio waves
- 24. separation of different wavelengths of white light through refraction of different amounts
- 26. the process by which an atom gains or loses electrons