Ch12 Introduction to Genetics

2. The study of heredity and how traits are passed from parents to offspring.
4. Mendel’s principle that some alleles are dominant and mask the effects of recessive alleles.
5. A version or form of a gene (e.g., dominant or recessive).
6. Having two identical alleles for a particular gene (e.g., AA or aa).
9. A unit of heredity made of DNA that determines a specific trait.
11. An organism that has two different alleles for a specific trait (e.g., one from each parent).
12. Traits controlled by two or more genes, leading to a wide range of phenotypes (e.g., skin color, height).
14. The likelihood of a particular genetic outcome occurring.
15. The genetic makeup or combination of alleles an organism has for a trait.
17. The process where a sperm cell and an egg cell combine to form a new organism.
18. A reproductive cell (sperm or egg) that carries half the genetic material from a parent.
19. The physical expression or appearance of a trait based on the genotype.
20. A diagram used to predict the possible genetic outcomes of a cross between two organisms.

1. A situation where neither allele is completely dominant, resulting in a blend of traits (e.g., red and white flowers producing pink offspring).
3. The principle that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other.
7. When a gene has more than two possible alleles (e.g., blood type has A, B, and O alleles).
8. The separation of alleles during the formation of gametes (sperm or egg cells).
10. A characteristic or feature, such as eye color or height, that can be inherited.
13. A situation where both alleles in a heterozygous organism are fully expressed (e.g., AB blood type).
16. Having two different alleles for a particular gene (e.g., Aa).