Changes in the 20th Century for African Americans

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  1. 4. activist group that formed out of the Niagra movement in 1919 to bring attention to racial inequalities and violence - National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
  2. 9. founder of the Niagra Movement - which would later become the NAACP - also the first Black man to graduate with a Doctorate Degree from Harvard University
  3. 10. killing by a mob without the benefit of a trial or due process of law; often targeted African Americans in the Jim Crow Era
  4. 14. activist who challenged the Louisiana State Separate Car Act in 1896; his case made it to the US Supreme court in which racial segregation was upheld
  5. 15. permanent change to the US Constitution in 1868 that made all persons born in the US citizens and granted equal protection of the law
  6. 16. permanent change to the US Constitution that stipulated the right to vote could not be denied to a man due to his race or previous condition of servitude
  7. 17. term coined by WEB DuBois for the educated Black elite of the late nineteenth and early 20th Century
  8. 19. laws passed by the national government in the aftermath of the Civil War during a time period known as Reconstruction; nullified state level black codes and upheld basic rights of citizenship for African Americans
  9. 20. this all-black volunteer infantry was recruited in the Northern states for service with Union military forces during the Civil War. This was the feature of the movie "Glory"
  10. 21. first African American United States Senator
Down
  1. 1. a person who sought to end slavery within their colony, state, or nation
  2. 2. state and local level laws that mandated racial segregation
  3. 3. known as the father of Black history, graduated from Harvard University and authored over 20 books on the subject of African and African American history
  4. 5. vocation school started by Booker T Washington in Alabama in which African Americans were trained in workplace skills
  5. 6. female journalist and anti-lynching activist who made a famous speech calling on national government intervention in state level offenses of lynching of African Americans
  6. 7. four regiments of black soldiers that served with the US Army on the western frontier and engaged in many Indian wars
  7. 8. born in 1867 in Richmond, Virginia, she became one of the wealthiest Black Women in the United States and used her wealth to fund other colleges and universities - especially those for Black girls.
  8. 11. acronym for a predominately Black College or University that number over 200 today
  9. 12. events that occurred throughout the United States in the early 20th Century in which Black and White mobs violently clashed; usually resulting in the destruction of Black Communities
  10. 13. largest movement of the AfricanAmerican population in US history; from the rural south to urban centers in the north in search of better economic opportunities and freedom from racial discrimination
  11. 18. born on a Louisiana cotton plantation as Sarah Breedlove, she became the most successful Black entrepreneur of the early 20th century