Across
- 4. economic zones Tax-free zones that were established mainly along the east coast of China as a way to attract FDI.
- 7. migration The movement of people from one country to another.
- 9. per doctor/physician density How many people there are for every doctor in a country or place.
- 10. industry The top decision-makers in government, society and the economy e.g. government officials or senior business executives.
- 12. divide Economic and cultural differences between Southern England (the South-East, Greater London, the South-West and parts of the East) and Northern England (the North-East, West and Yorkshire and the Humber). There are clear differences in health conditions, house prices, earnings, and political influence.
- 14. park Purpose built areas of offices and warehouses, often at the edge of a city and on a main road
- 20. rain Rainfall made so acidic by atmospheric pollution that it causes environmental harm, chiefly to forests and lakes.
- 21. pollution When harmful substances—often chemicals or microorganisms—contaminate a stream, river, lake, ocean, aquifer, or other water body.
- 23. A measurement of economic activity that is calculated by dividing the gross (total) national income by the size of the population. It takes into account not just the value of goods and services, but also the income earned from investments overseas.
- 24. Countries that are classed as having high GNI per capita values of $12,736 or more. They have a post-industrial economy where there is more focus on service sector office work than factory employment.
- 25. A tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports.
- 27. A model showing how populations should change over time in terms of their birth rates, death rates and total population size.
- 30. technology The simple, easily learned and maintained technology used in a range of economic activities serving local needs in LICs.
- 33. Where governments, organisations or companies spend money on large projects such as infrastructure (e.g. power stations, roads, airports) or industry (e.g. factories, hotels).
- 34. The decline of a country's traditional manufacturing industry due to exhaustion of raw materials, loss of markets and competition from NEEs.
- 36. effect A change that leads to further changes e.g. the creation of one job creates job creation in other sectors too.
- 38. A method of measuring development in which GDP per capita, life expectancy and adult literacy are combined to give an overview. This combined measure of development uses economic and social indicators to produce an index figure that allows comparison between countries.
- 40. The policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.
- 42. Middle income countries that have begun to experience higher rates of economic growth (e.g. BRIC and MINT countries). This is usually due to industrialisation and the investment of TNCs and is therefore linked to globalisation.
- 44. relief Cancelling some or all of the debt that a country owes e.g. through conservation swaps (debt-for-nature schemes).
- 45. pollution The presence in, or introduction into, the air of a substance which has harmful or poisonous effects.
- 47. industry Jobs involving manufacturing items from raw materials or assembling already-manufactured components e.g. car manufacturing or food processing.
- 48. trade International trade without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
Down
- 1. economy The economy of many economically developed countries where most employment is now in service industries.
- 2. loans Very small loans which are given to people in the LICs to help them start a small business.
- 3. industry A recent category based on jobs that involve research and development e.g. pharmaceutical developments.
- 5. rate The percentage of people who have basic reading and writing skills.
- 6. Where the industries can actually set up anywhere and aren’t tied to a specific location.
- 8. A company that has operations (factories, offices, research and development, shops) in more than one country.
- 11. migration Where people are forced to leave an area e.g. due to fear of persecution.
- 13. The process which has created a more connected world, with increases in the movements of goods (trade) and people (migration and tourism) worldwide.
- 14. rate The number of births in a country in a year per 1000.
- 15. Payments from governments to the producer e.g. to farmers.
- 16. industry The economic activities that provide various services - commercial (shops and banks), professional (solicitors and dentists), social (schools and hospitals), entertainment (restaurants and cinemas) and personal (hairdressers and fitness trainers).
- 17. The movement of people from one area to another, usually for a duration of at least 1 year.
- 18. gap The difference in standards of living and wellbeing between the world’s richest and poorest countries (between HICs and LICs).
- 19. of life A measure of social wellbeing calculated as the average of three social development indicators: literacy rate, life expectancy and infant mortality.
- 20. aid Money, goods and services given by the government of one country or a multilateral institution such as the World Bank or International Monetary Fund to help the quality of life and economy of another country.
- 22. expectancy The average number of years a person might be expected to live.
- 26. mortality The average number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age, per 1000 live births, per year.
- 28. When producers in LICs are given a better price for the goods they produce. Often this is from farm products like cocoa, coffee or cotton. The better price improves income and reduces exploitation.
- 29. An investment made by a firm or individual in one country into business interests located in another country.
- 31. rate The number of deaths in a country in a year per 1000.
- 32. bloc Groups of countries in specific regions that manage and promote trade activities e.g. the European Union.
- 35. structure The relative proportion of the workforce employed in different sectors of the economy (primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary and quinary).
- 37. industry Jobs involving producing natural resources (raw materials) from the Earth e.g. fishing and farming.
- 39. park Often located near university sites, and where high-tech industries are established, this is where scientific research and commercial development may be carried out in co-operation with the university.
- 41. Countries that are classed as having low GNI per capita values of $1045 or below.
- 43. migration/voluntary migration A type of migration in which people move for the purpose of work e.g. to earn more money.
- 46. to safe water The percentage of people who have access to sanitary and safe water that is free from bacteria and parasites.