Chapter 1: Plate Tectonics

4. layer of rock that forms Earth's outer skin
6. heat transfer by direct contact
13. idea that all the continents slowly moved over Earth's surface
14. shape the surface by building up mountains and landmasses
15. seven great landmasses surrounded by oceans
17. the lithosphere is broken apart into separate sections
19. scientists who study the forces that make and shape the planet
22. measure of how much mass there is per volume of a substance
23. the part of the mantle that is soft and can bend-like plastic
26. dark, dense rock with a fine texture
27. slowly wear away mountains and eventually every other feature on the surface
29. most extensive chain of maintains
30. supercontinent, meaning "all lands"
31. subduction allows parts of the ocean floor to sink back into the mantle, over tens of millions of years
32. a place where two plates slide past each other, moving in opposite directions

1. process that adds new material to the ocean floor
2. a dense ball of solid metal created with extreme pressure
3. layer of molten metal that surrounds the inner core
5. transfer of energy through empty space in waves
7. constant flow of heats within a liquid
8. hypothesis that all continents were once joined together in a single landmass
9. in Greek means "weak"
10. uppermost part of the mantle and crust together form a rigid layer
11. a place where two plates move apart, or away from each other
12. device that bounces sound waves off underwater objects
13. heat transfer through gases of liquids
16. a rock with larger crystals than basalt and is not as dense
18. any trace of an ancient organism preserved in rock
20. movement of energy from a warmer object to a cooler object
21. layer of solid material and layers of hot rock
24. breaks in Earth's crust where rocks have slipped past each other
25. forms along divergent boundaries and is a deep valley
28. where two plates come together