Across
- 1. use interviews and tests to define their client's problems
- 4. in psychology, a specific statement about behavior or mental processes that are tested through research
- 6. a participant's agreement to participate in research after receiving information about the purposes of the study and the nature of the treatments
- 7. help people with psychological disorders adjust to the demands of life
- 10. the school of psychology that emphasizes the uses or functions of the mind rather than the elements of experience
- 11. is deliberate looking into one's own cognitive processes to examine one's thoughts and emotions
- 12. to explain the purposes and methods of a completed procedure to a participant
- 14. an association or a relationship among variables, as we might find between height and weight or between study habits and school grades
- 15. a measure of an assumed effect of an independent variable
- 18. a scientific method in which organisms are observed in their natural environments
- 19. he lived 2500 years ago and was a Greek philosopher who made many contributions to psychology
- 20. the school of psychology that emphasizes the importance and unconscious motives and conflicts as determinants of human behavior
- 25. science that studies behavior and mental processes
- 30. part of a population
- 31. a method of scientific investigation in which a large sample of people answer questions about their attitudes or behavior
- 35. a source of bias or error in research reflecting the prospect that people who offer to participate in research studies differ systemically from people who do not
- 36. in experimental terminally, unaware of whether or not one has received a treatment
- 38. a number between +1.00 and -1.00 that expresses the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables
- 39. in experiments, groups whose members do not obtain the treatment, while other conditions are held constant
- 40. founder of functionalism and focused on the relation between conscious experience and behavior
- 42. an organized way of user experience and testing ideas to expand and refine knowledge
- 43. a set of hypothesized statements about the relationships among events
- 44. having to do with mental processes such as sensation and perception, memory, intelligence, language, thought and problem-solving
- 45. research conducted without concern for immediate applications
- 46. a way of evaluating the claims and comments of other people that involves skepticism and examination evidence
- 47. the school of psychology in the behaviorist tradition that includes cognitive factors in the explanation and prediction of behavior; formerly termed social learning theory
- 48. the school of psychology that emphasizes the tendency to organize perceptions into wholes and to integrate separate stimuli into meaningful patterns
Down
- 2. a condition in a scientific study that is manipulated so that its effects may be observed
- 3. similar to school psychologists, attempt to facilitate learning but mainly focus on coruse planning and instructional methods
- 5. in experiments, groups whose members obtain the treatments
- 8. a source of bias that may occur in research findings when participants are allowed to choose for themselves a certain treatment in a scientific study
- 9. the culturally defined concepts of masculinity and femininity
- 13. the school of psychology that defines psychology as the study of observable behavior and studies relationships between stimuli and responses
- 16. a sample drawn so that each member of a population has an equal chance of being selected to participate
- 17. a British Naturalist who created the idea of social Darwinism
- 21. the school of psychology that argues that the mind consists of three basic elements; sensations, feelings, and images that combine to form experience
- 22. a mathematical method of determining whether one variable increases or decreases as another variable increases or decreases
- 23. the view that focuses on the roles of ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status in behavior and mental processes
- 24. employed by school systems to identify and assist students who have problems that interfere with learning
- 26. a carefully drawn biography that may be obtained through interviews, questionnaires, and psychological tests
- 27. research conducted in an effort to find solutions to particular problems
- 28. a study in which neither the subjects nor the observers know who has received the treatment
- 29. a stimulus that follows a response and increases the frequency of the response
- 32. the approach to psychology that seeks to understand the nature of the links between biological processes and structures such as the functions of the brain, the endocrine system, and heredity, on one hand, and behavior and mental processes, on the other
- 33. a sample drawn so that identified subgroups in the population are represented proportionally in the sample
- 34. a bogus treatment that has the appearance of being genuine
- 37. a complete group of interest to researchers, from which a sample is drawn
- 41. a scientific method that seeks to confirm cause and effect relationships by introducing independent variables and observing their effects on independent variables and observing their effects on dependent variables