Across
- 1. Central African state that began trading with the Portuguese around 1500
- 6. Seventeenth-century queen of the Ndongo and Matamba kingdoms in modern-day Angola
- 7. fifteenth-century Portuguese sea route that took advantage of winds and currents
- 8. children of Spanish and native parentage
- 15. System that gave the Spanish settlers the right to compel indigenous peoples to work
- 16. Latin American officials from Spain or Portugal
- 19. one-fifth of Mexican and Peruvian silver production that was reserved for the Spanish monarchy
- 20. Large Latin American estates
- 22. Kingdom in west Africa whose rulers eventually converted to Islam, wealthy from the trans-Saharan trade
- 23. City in the Mali Empire known for its large population, wealth, and places of learning
- 24. South African people referred to pejoratively as the Hottentots by Europeans
- 25. “Traditionalists,” the most popular branch of Islam; believe in the legitimacy of the early caliphs
- 26. Navigational instrument for determining latitude
Down
- 2. Angolan kingdom that reached its peak during the reign of Queen Nzinga
- 3. Creoles, people born in the Americas of Spanish or Portuguese ancestry
- 4. individuals born of indigenous and African parents
- 5. City in the highlands of Bolivia that became the world’s largest silver-producer
- 9. Caribbean tribe who were the first indigenous peoples to have contact with Columbus
- 10. East African city-state society that dominated the coast from Mogadishu to Kilwa
- 11. Settlement in the middle Niger River region in Africa that flourished from iron production
- 12. Canadian term for individuals of mixed European and indigenous ancestry
- 13. Syncretic religion practiced by enslaved Africans and their descendants in Haiti
- 14. West African kingdom founded in the thirteenth century by Sundiata
- 17. Brazilian sugar mill
- 18. Sub-Saharan African people who waged wars to impose their strict interpretation of Islam
- 21. Spanish courts in Latin America