Across
- 5. following or pursuing a person persistently, which is an offence under the Criminal Code; see criminal harassment
- 7. theory, a sociological hypothesis arguing that criminal behaviour is more likely to thrive in an anonymous urban selling than in a more traditional rural setting
- 9. conviction offence, criminal violations that are minor in nature are tried by justices or provincial court judges, and have consequences much less severe than indictable offences
- 10. trait theory, the idea that individuals can be predisposed to criminal activity due to genetic factors
- 13. school, a sociological theory arguing that poor or transient are more likely to condone criminal activity than more affluent neighbourhoods
- 19. diligence, the defence that a defendant acted as any reasonable person would under the circumstances
- 20. standard, the measure of comparison whether the crown must prove that the accused actually knew the consequences of his/her action.
- 21. theory, the idea that nurture is more influential in criminal behaviour than nature
- 22. liability, the concept that there can be responsibility without fault, strict liability offences do not require intent and may endanger public welfare
- 24. harassment, the persistent insulting, talking, or challenging of a person, which is an offence under the Criminal Code see also stalking
- 26. behaviour that is careless and without regard for the consequences
- 27. reus, a Latin term meaning "guilty act" that refers to the physical aspects of a crime
- 28. liability, the concept that there is no defence, fault is not an issue, and the accused is convicted based on the guilty act
- 30. focused on biological and psychological factors to explain criminal behaviour
- 31. justice, the concept that an offender is required to restore or re-establish justice by recognizing and accepting responsibility for his or her actions and by returning the victim or the community, as much as possible, to the original state prior to the offence
- 32. standard, a measure of comparison with what a reasonable person would do, which is used to determine whether an accused ought to have been able to foresee the consequences of his or her actions
- 34. offence, more serious criminal violations leg, murder, arson, aggravated assault) as distinguished from summary conviction offences
- 35. offence, violations that are enforced by the courts and may result in substantial penal lies but are not "crimes”
Down
- 1. of transferred intent, a principle of law whereby an illegal, unintended act resulting from an intent to commit a crime is also an offence
- 2. choice theory, many criminals carefully calculate the costs and benefits of engaging in criminal activity
- 3. the study of the nature, causes, and means of dealing with crime
- 4. offences, violations for which the prosecution has a choice to proceed by way of indictment or summary conviction offence; also called a “dual procedure offence”
- 6. paternalism, the idea that the government, functioning as a father figure, takes responsibility for the welfare of citizens by enacting laws that prohibit people from harming themselves
- 8. theorist, people who assume there is a universal or communal definition of right and wrong and that our criminal law reflects that consensus
- 9. conflict theories, hypotheses arguing that criminal behaviour is more likely in a capitalist society because of increased competition for scarce resources and wealth
- 11. a philosophical theory stating that laws should be based on what is practical and realistic rather than on an idealistic moral view
- 12. the reason why people acts or fails to act
- 14. justice, the concept that true justice is concerned with more than simply the punishment of offenders
- 15. intent, the goal of committing illegal purpose beyond that act, with 110 illegal act
- 16. a system whereby individuals take the law into their own hands and engage in acts of personal revenge for perceived injuries
- 17. rea, the Latin word meaning "guilty mind" that refers to the mental element of a crime, which may be shown by intent, knowledge, reckless ness. or wilful blindness
- 18. theory, people who subscribe to the view that certain neurological dysfunctions and genetic defects are connected to some types of criminal behaviour.
- 19. theory, the sociological hypothesis that if the risks outweigh the benefits and punishment is almost certain, most rational people will not knowingly break the law
- 23. the state of mind in which a person seeks to accomplish an act or chooses not to accomplish an act
- 25. theory, the idea that people commit criminal acts out of desperation or frustration at being unable to fulfill wants or needs legally
- 29. intent, the mental purpose to accomplish a specific act prohibited by law, the defendant must intend not only to commit the act charged, but also to violate the law
- 33. blindness, a situation in which the accused suspects a harmful or criminal outcome but chooses to avoid considering the consequences