Chapter 10 - Revolution and Enlightenment

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  1. 3. The father of rationalism-a system of thought that is based on the belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge.
  2. 6. He developed the scientific method (A systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence), and inductive reasoning (proceeding from the particular to the general).
  3. 7. He was the first European to make regular observations of the heavens using a telescope. His three most important discoveries were mountains on Earth's moon, four moons revolving around Jupiter, and sunspots.
  4. 9. Places the Sun at the center of the universe - Copernican System
  5. 12. He was one of the most famous composers who wrote The Marriage of Figaro, The Magic Flute, and Don Giovanni.
  6. 13. A German mathematician who used detailed astronomical data to arrive at his laws of planetary motion. He also showed that planets have elliptical orbits around the sun.
  7. 14. He wrote Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (the Principia) which defined the three laws of motion that govern the planetary bodies, as well as objects on Earth. He also came up with the Universal Law of Gravitation explains why the planetary bodies continue their elliptical orbits about the sun-every object in the universe is attracted to every other object by a force called gravity.
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  1. 1. Places Earth at the center of the universe - Ptolemaic System
  2. 2. Someone who studies wisdom, love to study
  3. 4. A systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence. It was crucial to the evolution of science in the modern world.
  4. 5. A period when philosophers believed that they could apply the scientific method and use reason to explain human nature logically.
  5. 8. Based on the belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge.
  6. 10. He wrote On the Revolutions of Celestial Spheres, which introduced the idea of a heliocentric solar system.
  7. 11. Established the concept of the social contract, in which the entire society agrees to be governed by its general will.
  8. 13. He argued that every person was born with a tabula rasa, or blank mind, and were molded by their surroundings.