Across
- 11. an enzyme that facilitates DNA polymerase binding to DNA by attaching an RNA primer to the DNA template strand
- 13. a short fragment of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication
- 14. a form of asexual reproduction where the offspring grows out of the body of the parent
- 15. a narrowed region on a chromosome where sister chromatids attach
- 17. a enzyme that activates cellular processes related to the cell cycle
- 20. a regulatory protein that activates cyclin-dependent kinase
- 24. the fusion of gametes during sexual reproduction
- 25. the enzyme that builds new complementary DNA on a parent template strand during DNA replication
- 28. a chromosome and its identical copy held together at the centromere
- 29. the process that divides the cytoplasm during cellular division
- 30. a sub-phase of interphase where the DNA is replicated in preparation of mitosis
- 31. each form of a gene for a particular trait
- 32. a male (sperm) or female (egg) reproductive cell
- 34. the copying of DNA during the S phase of the cell cycle
- 35. in the cell cycle, an internal mechanism that determines if the cell is large enough to divide and whether the DNA is error free
- 36. in the cell cycle, an internal mechanism that ensures sister chromatids have lined up correctly during metaphase and that they are attached to the mitotic spindle
- 38. the pair of chromosomes in a diploid cell that carry the same type of genes, but may carry different alleles of each gene; one homologue comes from the maternal parent and the other comes from the paternal parent
Down
- 1. the area of the DNA double-helix that is unwound during DNA replication
- 2. a process that forms a new organism through the fusion of male and female gametes
- 3. the portion of the cell cycle that precedes mitosis or meiosis; interphase is made up of subphases G₁, S, and G₂
- 4. a small RNA fragment that binds to the DNA and provides a free —OH group that can bind to DNA polymerase to initiate DNA replication
- 5. an enzyme that fuses two DNA molecules together
- 6. the pattern of growth, DNA replication, and division of a eukaryotic cell; the cell cycle includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis
- 7. a phase outside of the cell cycle where a cell is not able to divide but can still carry out essential cell functions
- 8. in the cell cycle, a sub-phase of interphase where cells recover from the previous division, grow, and perform essential cellular functions
- 9. in the cell cycle, an internal mechanism that determines whether the cell is ready to proceed with cell division
- 10. points at which the events of the cell cycle are checked by regulatory proteins to ensure cell health prior to and during mitosis
- 12. a process that forms a new organism using genetic material from only one parent
- 16. a small circular DNA strand in the cytoplasm of bacteria that can replicate independently from the bacterial chromosome and may be transferred between bacterial cells
- 18. process by which a cell divides its nucleus and other cellular contents; mitosis occurs in four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
- 19. a special protein that is involved in the secondary coiling of DNA
- 21. the programmed, orderly death of a cell
- 22. a microtubule-based structure that moves the chromosomes during mitosis or meiosis
- 23. an enzyme that attaches to DNA at a replication bubble to break hydrogen bonds that hold the double helix together
- 26. the cell cycle phase that includes cell division
- 27. a form of reproduction where a single-celled organism increases in size and then splits into two complete organisms
- 33. in the cell cycle, a sub phase of interphase where the DNA is checked for error, organelles are duplicated, and the cell prepares for mitosis
- 37. a single continuous strand of DNA that includes multiple genes and regulatory sequences