Chapter 12 Crossword

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Across
  1. 7. A pope who demanded Luther to take back his 95 Theses statements.
  2. 8. A Flemish artist who painted detailed, colorful portraits and images of religious subjects. He used oil based paints for rich color.
  3. 9. Demonym for people from the Roman empire.
  4. 10. A event where the church was split into 2 popes, one in Rome and the other in Avignon as there was a struggle for power.
  5. 12. Also known as the Catholic Reformation, the changes the Catholic Church made were part of the movement. Meeting of Church officials and scholars summoned by the pope were a key part of this movement in 1545.
  6. 14. The study of maps and mapmaking.
  7. 16. Started as a conflict between Catholics and Protestants in Central Europe, lasting from 1618 to 1648, devastated the German states, killing an estimated 7 million people.
  8. 18. a fresco painted by Leanardo Da Vinci on the wall of a room in the PalazzoVecchio.
  9. 19. Also known as the Anglicanism and Protestantism branch, was begun by King Henry VIII.
  10. 21. This is known as the reform movement Luther began with his protest and ideas.
  11. 24. A wealthy person who financially supports and encourages an artist.
  12. 25. a person's native language.
  13. 26. part of a wealthy merchant class that had developed in Italy and gained great power. Also ruled the city of Florence during the Renaissance and made sure the city would be a place for scholars and artists.
  14. 27. An artistic technique that produces an impression of depth and distance.
  15. 29. a branch of protestant religions which was inspired by Luther's teachings.
  16. 30. Press, an invention that used movable metal type to print pages developed around 1450
  17. 31. nonreligious.
  18. 33. An English statesman who was a humanist that promoted free education for men and women, a radical idea for the time.
  19. 36. Followers of a new religious order known as the Society of Jesus which was developed as the struggle to revive Catholicism.
  20. 42. A system of government in which the people rule, this was developed during The Reformation and today is used as the system of government for most countries.
  21. 45. A literary figure and historian from Italy. Wrote a book known as The Prince based on effective leadership which would continue to influence world leaders.
  22. 47. Jonson, An English playwright who had known Shakespeare and understood his friend’s genius. He wrote that Shakespeare “was not of age, but for all time”.
  23. 48. A novel written by Spanish writer Miguel de Cervantes which includes humor and insight. This novel influenced many writers.
  24. 49. A field of study which is about stars, planets, and the universe outside the earth. Studied by many renaissance scholars.
  25. 51. A list of protests about the church Martin Luther listed on a paper.
  26. 53. A Spanish writer who wrote the masterpiece novel Don Quixote which has influenced many other writers since about 400 years ago.
  27. 54. An famous renaissance artist who created the famous School of Athens Fresco at the age of 27.
  28. 55. Supporters of Martin Luther’s ideas in the 95 Theses. This word comes from the word protest.
  29. 58. wife of a merchant who is also believed to be the mysterious lady on the Mona Lisa.
  30. 60. Also known as the Roman Catholic Church or just the Catholic Church. Martin Luther's 95 Theses was directed to the religion of this Church.
  31. 61. During this time period, most of Shakespeare's plays were written and this time period was during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I which was during around 1558 to 1603.
  32. 62. Something that is handed down from one period of time to another period of time.
  33. 64. The release from punishment for sins, sold by papal officials.
  34. 66. family from spain that was the most powerful group of patrons in Rome
  35. 67. A french reformer who believed that God chose people for salvation and Calvinism was based on his teachings. He believed that God chose people for salvation.
  36. 69. A German monk who created the 95Theses and activity protested on ideas in the church that he believed were wrong, for example selling indulgences.
  37. 70. A famous Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the renaissance.
  38. 71. Demonyn for the people from Greece.
  39. 72. A person who tries to spread Christianity to others.
  40. 73. a monk who sold indulgences who Luther protested against.
  41. 74. Italian author Niccolo Machiavelli wrote this book based on effective leadership and continues to influence world leaders even today.
Down
  1. 1. an Italian poet who became an early humanist.
  2. 2. Established by the Catholic Church, it was a method to make sure Catholics didn’t stray from their faith. This used harsh methods like tourture and to force a confession and punish heresy.
  3. 3. A movement of great creativity in the arts, writing, and thinking. This movement means rebirth in French and lasted from about the 1300’s to the 1600’s beginning in Italy.
  4. 4. King of England who formed a new branch of Protestantism when the church refused to give him a divorce. He started the Church of England also known as Anglicanism.
  5. 5. A Belgian Physician who dissected the bodies of executed criminals and used it to create accurate drawings of the human body. His drawings made anatomy a scientific discipline.
  6. 6. a painting which celebrates the arrival of spring.
  7. 11. A meeting of Church officials and scholars summoned by the pope met for 18 years in 26 sessions mostly in the Northern Italian city of Trent. They would work to define Catholic beliefs and practices and determine how the church needed to change. This meeting played a key role in the Counter Reformation.
  8. 13. a country with an independent government and a population united by a shared culture, language, and national pride.
  9. 15. A Flemish artist who often painted scenes of everyday life and depicted the lives of peasants with remarkable realism.
  10. 17. German artist who is considered to be the greatest artist of the northern renaissance. He combined classical ideas, perspective, and great attention to detail to create realistic images and woodcuts.
  11. 20. A branch of one type of religion. This happened as people began to interpret the Bible for themselves.
  12. 22. A french city where a powerful french king transferred the center of the church too from rome. Rome and this city were part of the Great Schism.
  13. 23. pictures painted directly onto the wall while the plaster is still wet.
  14. 28. relating to ancient Greek and Roman culture.
  15. 30. An early humanist leader of the Italian renaissance.
  16. 32. Dutch scholar and priest who was a key humanist leader of the northern renaissance. He made classical works and criticized church practices.
  17. 34. Man, A person who has a wide variety of skills and knowledge during the renaissance.
  18. 35. German blacksmith, goldsmith, publisher, and printer who developed the printing press around 1450.
  19. 37. Italian city that is home to many Renaissance art and architecture. Home to Filipino Brunelleschi self supporting dome and many other pieces of art. The Medici family ruled this city during the renaissance.
  20. 38. A religion based on the teachings of Jesus, who was born around 6 BCE. His teachings are written in the Bible, which is a holy book for the followers of this religion.
  21. 39. meaning cut off or excluded. The pope did this to Martin Luther.
  22. 40. a renaissance writer and artist who was asked to redecorate the town hall
  23. 41. an image carved on a block of wood
  24. 43. English playwright, poet, actor who created tragedies such as Romeo and Juliet, and comedies like A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Many people argue he is the greatest writer in the English language and his works still capture our imagination today.
  25. 44. famous Painter, Sculptor, engineer, scientist, and inventor who is most famous for painting the Mona Lisa, one of the most famous pieces of art, and the Last Supper.
  26. 46. the new movement of believing every individual had unlimited possibilities.
  27. 50. A former Spanish knight who formed the order of the Society of Jesus. He insisted on strict obedience.
  28. 52. painted by Leonardo da Vinci and arguably the most famous painting in the world. Is hanged in a museum in Paris and the painting contains a very mysterious lady.
  29. 56. Also known as the Church of England and this branch of protestant religions was begun in England by King Henry VIII.
  30. 57. A city in Germany where Martin Luther nailed his 95 theses on one of their church doors.
  31. 59. A person who is highly educated or has an aptitude for study. There were many of these during the renaissance and they made advancements in Science, Mathematics, and Astronomy.
  32. 63. A branch of protestant religions led by the teachings of a french reformer named John Calvin which believed that God chose people for salvation.
  33. 65. Bible, translated version of the bible into the nativer language of the romans. Was printed with a printing press in 1455 and also known as The Vulgate.
  34. 68. The opposition to Church policy. Protestants were considered to be guilty of this.