Chapter 12 - Heart

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Across
  1. 1. Another name for the atrioventricular bundle.
  2. 3. A bundle of modified heart muscle that transmits the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles causing them to contract
  3. 8. These structures branch and connect cardiac cells. They contain specialized gap junctions and coordinate muscle contractions.
  4. 9. are also called pacemakers because they set the rate of the heartbeat.
  5. 11. A measure of cardiac activity usually expressed as the number of beats per minute.
  6. 12. Second phase in Cardiac Action Potential. The process during the action potential when sodium (Na+) is rushing into the cell causing the interior to become more positive.Goes from -90/80 to +30 mV
  7. 16. First phase in Cardiac Action Potential. It is generated by the sinoatrial Node. Begins at -90/80 mV
  8. 17. Thick middle muscle layer of the heart
  9. 18. Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
  10. 20. Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart.
  11. 24. Contraction of the heart
  12. 26. relaxation phase of the heartbeat.
  13. 27. Chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide
  14. 29. Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
  15. 32. Cells that are sensitive to blood pressure changes.
  16. 34. A clear, watery fluid secreted by the cells of a serous membrane.
  17. 35. Volume of blood pumped by heart per minute. Heart Rate x Stroke Volume
  18. 36. the volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each heartbeat
  19. 37. normal heartbeat triggered by the SA node
  20. 38. heart cells that regularly produce spontaneous electrical impulses
  21. 39. inner lining of the heart
  22. 40. 2 upper chambers of the heart
Down
  1. 2. outermost layer of the heart
  2. 4. fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the apex of the heart (lowest part of the heart) and then to the ventricular myocardium and upwards to the top of the ventricles
  3. 5. responsible for pulling the atrioventricular valves closed by means of the chordae tendineae
  4. 6. Anchoring junctions that prevent cells from being pulled apart
  5. 7. the two lower chambers of the heart, and they pump blood out to the lungs and body.
  6. 10. Fourth phase in Cardiac Action Potential. K+ channels open and rapidly flows out of the cell and Ca+ channels close. Goes from 0 to -90/80 mV
  7. 13. Vessels that supply the myocardium with blood
  8. 14. Third phase in Cardiac Action Potential. Ca+ channels open and enter the cell. Goes from +30 to 0 mV
  9. 15. A specialized mass of conducting cells located at the atrioventricular junction in the heart near the right atrium.
  10. 19. Process that requires oxygen
  11. 21. strong fibrous strings that anchor the cusps and papillary muscles to ventricular walls
  12. 22. Carries blood to and from gas exchange surfaces of lungs
  13. 23. Flaps of tissue that open and close to allow the flow of blood in one direction only. They are located at the entrances and exits of its chambers.
  14. 25. Two pathways in interventricular septum. Carry impulses toward apex of heart
  15. 28. a small opening that connects two cells and allows the direct transfer of action potential from one cell to another
  16. 30. Fifth Phase in Cardiac Action Potential. This is where the heart contracts to pump effectively. At -90/80 mV
  17. 31. the specialized epithelial tissue that lines the blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands, and organs
  18. 33. A small mass of tissue that is made up of Purkinje fibers, ganglion cells, and nerve fibers, that is embedded in the musculature of the right atrium, and that originates the impulses stimulating the heartbeat
  19. 36. Circuit of blood that carries blood between the heart and the rest of the body.