Chapter 12 Social Influence

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Across
  1. 3. Model When being observed, people compare their behavior to expectations and try to improve.
  2. 6. Following orders from someone in authority.
  3. 7. of Responsibility When responsibility for helping is spread among many people, so each person feels less personally responsible.
  4. 9. Facilitation Improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks when other people are present.
  5. 12. Effect The tendency for people to be less likely to help in an emergency when other people are present.
  6. 13. Hypothesis Too much information in working memory (cognitive overload) makes complex tasks harder.
  7. 15. and Threat Hypothesis People see others as either a challenge (helps performance) or a threat (hurts performance).
  8. 18. Effect A visual illusion where a stationary light appears to move in a dark room.
  9. 19. Influence When a smaller group influences the majority to change beliefs or behaviors.
  10. 21. Experiment – Conducted by Stanley Milgram A study showing that many people will obey authority figures even when asked to harm others.
  11. 22. Prison Experiment (SPE) – Conducted by Philip Zimbardo A study showing how people can quickly adopt abusive roles in a powerful environment.
Down
  1. 1. Effect Conformity decreases when at least one other person disagrees with the majority.
  2. 2. Influence The way other people affect our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
  3. 4. Changing behavior or beliefs to fit in with a group.
  4. 5. Changing behavior because someone asks you to (you still have a choice).
  5. 8. Hypothesis Being around others creates a conflict between focusing on the task and focusing on others, which increases arousal.
  6. 10. Apprehension Hypothesis People perform differently because they are worried about being judged.
  7. 11. Hypothesis People become more alert around others, which can improve performance on easy tasks.
  8. 14. (Arousal) Theory – Proposed by Robert Zajonc The presence of others increases arousal
  9. 16. Conformity Study – Conducted by Solomon Asch Showed that people will give wrong answers to fit in with a group.
  10. 17. Cohesiveness The stronger a person’s desire to belong to a group, the more likely they are to conform.
  11. 20. Study – Conducted by Muzafer Sherif Showed that people conform to group norms when judging ambiguous situations.