Chapter 12: Soil and Natural Vegetation (pages 139-143)

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Across
  1. 2. Rich Fertile soil, in which decaying and decayed plant matter is mixed with clay, silt and sand.
  2. 4. The Dark, upper layer of soil, made up or partially decayed plant material.
  3. 8. Plants that grow without any human interference.
  4. 11. Found in warmer climats this type of forest contains mostly Maple, Oak, Beech and Elm trees.
  5. 14. The process by which, in dry climates water carrying dissolved minerals moves upward through the soil. At the surface , the water evaporates, leaving the minerals behind.
  6. 15. The surface layer of the earth, composed of mineral and organic materials, air and water.
  7. 16. Mineral substance that is absorbed by plant roots.
  8. 17. Solid rock beneath the soil.
  9. 18. The breakdown of rock into small particles.
Down
  1. 1. Rock from which soil is derived.
  2. 3. Most northern region, found in areas where it is too cold for trees to grow; bushes, grasses, mosses and similar plants grow here.
  3. 5. Movement of water upward through small spaces, as in soil.
  4. 6. The areas in which the characteristics of one region gradually change into those of another.
  5. 7. to become decomposed; rot.
  6. 9. The Surface layer of soil containing humus.
  7. 10. Removal of minerals from soil by water as it moves downward through the soil. Occurs in wet climates.
  8. 12. Different layers in the soil and the rock layer below the soil. each horizon has different physical, biological, and chemical characteristics.
  9. 13. Capable of being dissolved or liquified.