CHAPTER 12

3. Replacing a degraded ecosystem with another type of ecosystem.
5. one of the biggest problems for many parks
9. where absence of grazing for long periods (at least 5 years) can reduce the net primary productivity of grassland vegetation and grass cover.
10. A tree-dwelling monkey found in the forest of East Arc Mountain.
12. are unfenced grasslands in temperate and tropical climates that supply forage, or vegetation, for grazing (grass-eating) and browsing (shrub-eating) animals.
13. Conservancy with more than 1 million members worldwide has created the world’s largest system of private natural areas and wildlife sanctuaries in 30 countries
14. Turning of a degraded ecosystem into a functional or useful ecosystem without trying to restore it to its original condition.
15. Ecology A new form of conservation biology suggested by Rosenzweig.
16. corridors helps to support more species and allows migration by vertebrates that need large ranges.
17. most efficient way for a logging operation to harvest trees
19. large areas of undeveloped land
21. extremely hot fire that leaps from treetop to treetop
23. Restoration It is the process of repairing damages caused by humans to the biodiversity and dynamics of natural ecosystem.

1. plantation - managed tract with uniformly aged trees of one or two genetically uniform species
2. forest stand of trees resulting from secondary ecological succession
4. concessions, strategy where governments or private conservation organizations pay nations for concessions to preserve their natural resources.
6. occurs when too many animals graze for too long and exceed the carrying capacity of a rangeland area
7. temporary or permanent removal of large expanses of forest
8. is classified as one of the world’s leading failing states because of fuelwood crisis
11. managed grasslands or enclosed meadows usually planted with domesticated grasses or other forage.
18. A process wherein a degraded habitat or ecosystem is being returned to a condition as similar as possible to its natural state.
19. along with highly valuable ecological services, forests provide us with raw materials, especially ___
20. zone protecting an inner core of a re-serve by usually establishing two buffer zones in which local people can extract resources sustainably without harming the inner core.
22. growth forest - uncut forest that has not been seriously disturbed by human activities or natural disasters for years
23. main herbivores in the Yellow stone system, are the primary food source for the wolves, but wolves also kill some moose, mule deer, and bison