Chapter 13

1. Theories of motivation that focus on what needs people are trying to satisfy at work and what outcomes will satisfy those needs.
4. A person’s perception of the fairness of the distribution of outcomes in an organization.
7. A person’s perception of the fairness of the procedures that are used to determine how to distribute outcomes in an organization.
8. In expectancy theory, how desirable each of the outcomes available from a job or organization is to a person.
9. A person’s belief about his or her ability to perform a behavior successfully.
10. A relatively permanent change in knowledge or behavior that results from practice or experience.
11. The extent to which an individual desires to control or influence others.
14. Lack of fairness.
15. Anything a person gets from a job or organization.
17. The theory that motivation will be high when workers believe that high levels of effort lead to high performance and high performance leads to the attainment of desired outcomes.
19. A requirement or necessity for survival and well-being.
20. Behavior that is performed to acquire material or social rewards or to avoid punishment.

2. Curtailing the performance of dysfunctional behaviors by eliminating whatever is reinforcing them.
3. The theory that three universal needs—for existence, relatedness, and growth—constitute a hierarchy of needs and motivate behavior. Alderfer proposed that needs at more than one level can be motivational at the same time.
5. A financial instrument that entitles the bearer to buy shares of an organization’s stock at a certain price during a certain period of time or under certain conditions.
6. Behavior that is performed to benefit or help others.
12. Administering an undesired or negative consequence when dysfunctional behavior occurs.
13. A theory of motivation that focuses on people’s perceptions of the fairness of their work outcomes relative to their work inputs.
16. The justice, impartiality, and fairness to which all organizational members are entitled.
18. In expectancy theory, a perception about the extent to which effort results in a certain level of performance.