Across
- 2. A protein complex that helps the immune system detect foreign substances.
- 7. A possible risk of live vaccines.
- 9. Small and circular DNA molecules that carry genetic traits.
- 10. The process by which antibodies bind to toxins or pathogens, preventing them from causing harm.
- 13. Molecular structures found on pathogens that are recognized by the immune system to trigger an immune response.
- 16. Cells that lack specificity for antigens and are among the first to attack cancer and virus-infected cells.
- 17. Type of immunity that provides immediate protection but for a short time, without memory.
- 18. Proteins that have carbohydrates attached to them, playing roles in biological processes like cell recognition.
- 20. Molecules composed of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) bonded to proteins.
- 22. Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body.
- 23. Substance that stimulates the immune system to fight diseases without causing the disease.
- 24. Cells use these for recognition and detection of pathogens.
- 25. Lymphatic tissues in the throat that help defend against infections.
- 26. Natural killer cells are sensitive to this immune substance.
- 28. DNA segment that carries instructions for traits and functions.
- 29. Proteins that cause an excessive immune response, leading to inflammation.
- 30. Type of immunity effectively stimulated by live vaccines
- 32. The process of recognizing foreign molecules or pathogens.
- 35. The substances secreted by T cells to help destroy pathogens.
- 37. The first milk, full of antibodies, that protects newborns.
- 38. When harmful microorganisms invade the body, causing disease.
- 40. T cells that activate macrophages, assist B cells, and help cytotoxic T cells.
- 42. A process where particles, such as cells or bacteria, clump together due to the interaction with specific antibodies.
- 45. Small foreign molecules that are too small by themselves to elicit an immune response.
- 49. Carbohydrates made of three sugar molecules linked together.
- 50. Ability to protect itself against infections and diseases.
- 51. A type of immune cell responsible for producing antibodies.
- 53. Hybrid cells with both killer cell and T cell functions.
- 54. Type of white blood cell that plays a key role in the immune response by identifying and attacking infected or abnormal cells.
- 55. Proteins on or in cells that bind to molecules, triggering a response.
- 56. Immunity that can be triggered by vaccination or natural infection.
- 57. Protein produced by B cells in response to the presence of an antigen, such as a virus, bacterium, or toxin.
Down
- 1. These cells recognize a wide range of antigens and bridge innate and adaptive immunity.
- 3. An identical copy of a cell or organism.
- 4. The process by which cells (like macrophages) engulf and digest foreign particles or invading microorganisms.
- 5. Specific part of an antigen (such as a virus, bacteria, or protein) that is recognized by the immune system, particularly by antibodies, B cells, or T cells.
- 6. A complex of lipids (fats) and proteins that transport lipids through the bloodstream.
- 8. A white blood cell that helps fight infections and support immunity.
- 11. Antigens from another individual of the same species that provoke an immune reaction.
- 12. The ability of the body to react with countless foreign substances.
- 14. A condition that affects the body or mind, causing health problems.
- 15. The breaking down or destruction of cells.
- 18. A part of the immune system that protects the digestive tract from infections.
- 19. Substances that trigger allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.
- 21. A substance that neutralizes the toxic effects of a toxin.
- 22. Toxic proteins secreted by bacteria that can cause disease.
- 27. The coating of pathogens to make them easier to be engulfed by immune cells.
- 31. Large immune cells that engulf and digest pathogens, dead cells, and other debris.
- 33. Substances that trigger an immune response, leading to antibody production.
- 34. These markers are important for immune system.
- 36. Microorganisms or agents that cause disease in their host.
- 39. cluster of differentiation.
- 41. help to destroy infected cells and coordinate the immune system.
- 42. Substance that prompts the generation of antibodies and triggers an immune response.
- 43. process by which any such clones are destroyed during development.
- 44. A gland in the chest that helps mature T cells.
- 46. Develop in the bone marrow.
- 47. A tiny infectious agent that enters living cells to multiply, often causing diseases.
- 48. A group of cells that work together to perform a specific function in the body.
- 49. Inactivated toxin used in vaccines to trigger immunity.
- 52. The liquid part of blood that carries blood cells, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.