Chapter 13 Vocabulary

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Across
  1. 3. force that pulls objects in Earth’s sphere to the center of the Earth
  2. 4. a region that included parts of present-day Northern France, Belgium, and the Netherlands; was an important industrial and financial center of northern Europe during the Middle Ages and Renaissance
  3. 6. government run by religious leaders
  4. 8. Calvin a Swiss reformer that Challenged the Catholic Church
  5. 10. an intellectual movement at the heart of the Renaissance that focused on education and the classics
  6. 11. art form in which an artist etches a design on a metal plate with acid and then uses the plate to make multiple prints
  7. 12. Petrarch Florentine who lived in the 1300s, was an early Renaissance humanist, poet, and scholar
  8. 14. separate section of a city where members of a minority group are forced to live
  9. 15. artistic technique used to give paintings and drawings a three-dimensional effect.
  10. 16. Calvinist belief that God long ago determined who would gain salvation
  11. 18. assembly or legislature
  12. 20. Swiss city-state which became a Calvinist theocracy in the 1500s; today a major city in Switzerland
  13. 21. a city in northern Germany, where Luther drew up his 95 theses
  14. 22. everyday language of ordinary people
  15. 23. a branch of mathematics in which calculations are made using special symbolic notations; developed by Isaac Newton
Down
  1. 1. a city in the Tuscany region of northern Italy that was the center of the Italian Renaissance*
  2. 2. a subgroup of a major religious group
  3. 5. an English poet & playwright, he wrote 37 plays between 1590 and 1613, these plays are still performed around the world today
  4. 7. study of subjects such as grammar, rhetoric, poetry, and history, that were taught in ancient Greece and Rome
  5. 8. Gutenberg printed the first complete edition of the Christian Bible using a printing press with a movable type.
  6. 9. based on the belief that the sun is the center of the universe
  7. 13. recognize a person as a saint
  8. 17. in the Roman Catholic Church, pardon for sins committed during a person's lifetime
  9. 19. Luther a German monk and professor of theology who started a revolt against Church abuses; wrote the 95 theses
  10. 23. of Trent a group of Catholic leaders that met between 1545 and 1563 to respond to Protestant challenges and direct the future of the Catholic Church