Chapter 1

1. the DBMS stores definitions of the data elements and their relationships in it.
2. exists when different version of the same data appear in different places.
3. are raw facts.
4. is the de facto query language and data access standard supported by the majority of DBMS vendors.
5. is a spur-of-the-moment question.
6. a character or group of characters (alphabetic or numeric) that has a specific meaning. A field is used to define and store data.
7. dependence that is, access to a file is dependent on its structure. For example, adding a customer date-of-birth field to the CUSTOMER file.
9. is defined as "the condition in which all of the data in the database are consistent with the real-world events and conditions'

1. exists when the same data are stored unnecessarily at different places.
2. also known as DBAs, manage the DBMS and ensure that the database is functioning properly.
8. the language allows the user to specify what must be done without specifying how it must be done.