Across
- 1. merchant class, person who lived in a town
- 5. English scholar who argued that the Bible was the final authority for Christian life
- 6. great charter, which guaranteed certain basic political rights
- 7. a holy war
- 9. Pope who called for the first Crusade
- 10. English king who fought Saladin in the third Crusade
- 17. deadly disease that spread across Asia and Europe in the mid-14th century
- 20. practice of selling positions in the church
- 21. scholar who argued that the most basic religious truths could be proved by sound reasoning
- 23. English peasant who led the French army to victory at Orleans
- 24. division in the Church created by having popes in both Avignon and Rome
- 27. effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain
- 28. an organization working to get the best prices or working conditions
Down
- 2. fonder of the dynasty that ruled France from 987-1328
- 3. a body of rulings by English judges
- 4. duke of Normandy who invaded England in 1066 and claimed the English crown
- 8. one of the most powerful Capetian kings
- 11. the expansion of trade and changes in business practices
- 12. City in France where the pope moved temporarily
- 13. farmland divided into three equal-sized fields, in which crops were rotated
- 14. a council of representatives that advise the French king
- 15. Church court that tried people suspected of having opposing religious beliefs
- 16. war between England and France waged from 1337 to 1453
- 18. style of architecture of the cathedrals during the Middle Ages
- 19. everyday language
- 20. scholars who gathered and taught at universities
- 22. body of representatives that makes laws for a nation
- 23. bohemian scholar who taught that the Bible was the final authority for Christian life
- 25. famous Muslim leader of the 1100s
- 26. English king who added French lands to English holdings by marrying Eleanor of Aquitaine