Chapter 15 - Gradation, Weathering & Mass Wasting

2. the movement of eroded material from one location to another
6. a fast-moving flow of rock, soil, and water
7. the downslope movement of soil or rock under the influence of gravity. Also known as mass movement.
12. the very slow movement of soil or rock downhill
15. the chemical breakdown of rock minerals into new substances
18. a flowing mixture of mud and water, often triggered by heavy rain
19. the chemical reaction of minerals with oxygen, often forming rust
22. a cone-shaped accumulation of talus at the base of a slope
24. a chemical weathering process where minerals absorb water and expand
25. a mix of rock fragments, soil, and other material produced by erosion or weathering
29. a mineral deposit formed by the evaporation of water
30. the removal and transport of soil or rock by water, wind, ice, or gravity
31. the peeling of outer rock layers due to pressure release
32. the breakdown of rocks without changing their chemical composition. Also known as mechanical weathering.
34. uneven weathering that creates varied landscape features
36. the breakdown of rocks at Earth’s surface by physical or chemical processes
37. a volcanic mudflow consisting of ash, debris, and water

1. a type of physical weathering where water freezes in cracks and expands
3. the steepest angle at which loose material remains stable
4. a rounded mountain formed by exfoliation
5. a large, curved slab of rock that peels off from a surface
8. a form of chemical weathering that rounds rock edges and corners
9. a type of mass movement where material moves down a curved surface
10. physical weathering caused by salt crystal growth in rock pores. Also known as salt wedging.
11. a sudden and rapid movement of a large mass of earth material
13. the process of rock dissolving in water
14. the laying down of sediment or material after transport
16. fine-grained, wet sediment
17. the chemical reaction of minerals with water, breaking them down
20. a pile of broken rock fragments at the base of a cliff or slope
21. the breakdown of rocks through chemical reactions that alter their minerals
23. a slow to rapid flow of water-saturated soil downslope
26. the slow flow of water-saturated soil over frozen ground in cold climates
27. a chemical weathering process involving carbonic acid reacting with rock
28. a landslide involving large blocks of rock moving downslope
33. a rapid flow of snow, ice, and debris down a slope
35. the free fall of rock from a steep cliff or slope