Chapter 16 Vocabulary

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Across
  1. 3. Nearly massless particles that are produced in the proton-proton chain and escape from the Sun
  2. 4. _____ Region of the photosphere of the Sun surrounding a sunspot group, which can erupt violently and unpredictably
  3. 5. The tenuous outer atmosphere of the Sun, which lies just above the chromosphere and, at great distances, turns into the solar wind
  4. 6. _____ hole is a vast region of the Sun’s atmosphere where the density of matter is about 10 times lower than average. The gas there streams freely into space at high speeds, escaping the Sun completely
  5. 10. The central region of Earth, surrounded by the mantle. The central region of any planet or star
  6. 11. A glowing ball of gas held together by its own gravity and powered by nuclear fusion in its core
  7. 12. _____ zone is a region of the Sun’s interior where extremely high temperatures guarantee that the gas is completely ionized
  8. 14. An outward flow of fast-moving charged particles from the Sun
  9. 16. The Sun’s lower atmosphere, lying just above the visible atmosphere
  10. 17. Loop or sheet of glowing gas ejected from an active region on the solar surface, which then moves through the inner parts of the corona under the influence of the Sun’s magnetic field
Down
  1. 1. An Earth-sized dark blemish found on the surface of the Sun
  2. 2. _____ minimum is a lengthy period of solar inactivity
  3. 3. _____ fusion is a mechanism of energy generation in the core of the Sun, in which light nuclei are combined into heavier ones, releasing energy in the process
  4. 7. The visible surface of the Sun, lying just above the uppermost layer of the Sun’s interior and just below the chromo-sphere
  5. 8. A measure of the direction of the solar magnetic field in a sunspot
  6. 9. One of the basic properties used to characterize stars and is defined as the total energy radiated by stars each second, at all wavelengths
  7. 10. _____ zone is a region of the Sun’s interior, lying just below the surface, where the material of the Sun is in constant convection motion
  8. 13. Explosive event occurring in or near an active region on the Sun
  9. 15. _____ mass ejection is a giant magnetic “bubble” of ionized gas that separates from the rest of the solar atmosphere and escapes into interplanetary space