Across
- 2. navigational instrument created in the 1300s that uses a magnetized piece of metal that points to the north
- 4. ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519
- 6. theory according to Hellenistic thinker, Ptolemy that Earth is the center of the universe
- 8. massive exchange of goods, plants, animals, and diseases that took place between the Western and Eastern Hemisphere
- 9. system of trade involving three stages, one of which was the transatlantic trade
- 11. claimed Brazil for Portugal in 1500
- 12. government grants of money
- 13. Spanish conquistador that invaded Mexico in 1519 and defeated the Aztecs under the leadership of Moctezuma II
- 22. situation that exists when a country sells more goods than it buys
- 23. mathematician and astronomer; formulated the heliocentric theory
- 24. explorer that set out, assembled a fleet of ships; found a great ocean naming it "Pacific Ocean" because it was so calm
- 25. Spanish conquistador that invaded South America in 1530 and defeated the Incas
- 27. era between 1400 and 1750 when Europeans made major changes to their economies due to new exploration
- 28. explorer that crossed the Isthmus of Panama in 1513 thus proving that the New World was not part of Spain
- 29. second stage of the triangular trade system which involved the shipping of slaves across the Atlantic to the Americas
- 31. business organization developed during the Commercial Revolution in which owners raised money by selling shares, or stock, in the company.
Down
- 1. physicist and mathematician; key figure in the scientific revolution; formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation
- 3. explorer that sailed around the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa; found the route to the Indian Ocean
- 5. agreement between Spain and Portugal that moved west the line determining the land each country could claim in the Atlantic
- 7. import taxes on foreign goods
- 10. "The Navigator"; largely responsible for Portugal's interest in exploration
- 14. explorer that believed he discovered a new continent, he called South America the New World; in 1507 America was named after him
- 15. economic theory stating that there is a fixed amount of wealth in the world and that in order to receive a larger share, a country has to take some wealth away from another country
- 16. explorer that hoped for a shorter route to Asia could be found by selling westward instead of sailing around the tip of Africa
- 17. explorer that sailed from the Caribbean and explored what is now Florida searching for gold
- 18. theory developed by Copernicus that the sun is the center of the universe
- 19. astronomer and philosopher; improvements to the telescope and supportive to Copernicus
- 20. transformation in thinking that occurred during the 1500s and 1600s caused by scientific observation, experimentation, and the questioning of traditional opinions.
- 21. explorer that sailed eastward across the Indian Ocean landing in India; also made a 2nd voyage to India and returned to Portugal with ships full of valuable goods
- 25. European nation that was almost invaded by the Spanish Armada in 1588
- 26. king of the Spaniards
- 30. Santa Maria, Pinta, ...