Across
- 4. The Holy Roman Empire was a multi-ethnic complex of territories in central Europe that lasted from the coronation of Otto I as emperor in 962 until Francis II dissolved the imperial title in 1806
- 6. A code of behavior for knights in medieval Europe, stressing ideals such as courage, loyalty, and devotion.
- 7. 1137-1193 C.E. Muslim leader and crusader who recaptured Jerusalem from the Christians in 1187
- 8. an impressive Christian church that traditionally contained the seat of a bishop.
- 10. An order of mendicants founded by St. Francis whose purpose was to live in poverty and serve the religious needs of their communities.
- 12. Physical remains of saints or religious figures assembled by churches for veneration
- 14. Main administrative divisions of the Byzantine Empire. Established in mid 7th century in the aftermath of Slavic Invasions and Muslim conquests of parts of Byzantine territory, and replaced the earlier provincial system .
- 16. Medieval heretics, also known as the Albigensians, who considered the material world evil; their followers renounced wealth and marriage and promoted an ascetic existence.
- 19. A class of traveling poets and entertainers enthusiastically patronized by Medieval aristocratic women in modern southern France and northern Italy
- 20. Crusade ending in 1942 to drive the Islamic forces out of Spain
- 21. An Italian Dominican friar and Catholic priest who was an immensely influential philosopher, theologian and just in the tradition of scholasticism
- 22. Medieval attempt of thinkers such as St. Thomas Aquinas to merge the beliefs of Christianity with the logical rigor of Greek Philosophy
Down
- 1. a political entity in Europe that began with the papal coronation of Otto I as the first emperor in 962 and laster until 1806
- 2. A commercial and defensive confederation of free cities in northern Germany and surrounding areas.
- 3. a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period.
- 5. Journey to a sacred shrine by Christians seeking to show their piety, fulfill vows, or gain absolution for sins.
- 9. a Venetian merchant traveler and trader.
- 11. a member of a Viking people who raided and then settled in the French province later known as Normandy, and who invaded England in 1066.
- 13. after the Carolingians were dissolved, this was founded by Hugh Capet. It was the beginning of the French monarchy, consolidated by King Louis IX. Normans.
- 15. The three estates of European society, composed of the clergy (the first estate), the aristocrats (the second estate) and the common people (the third estate)
- 17. Bulgarian group active in the 10th and 11th centuries that believed in rejecting the material world and extreme asceticism.
- 18. A sworn association of people who gather for some common purpose.