Across
- 2. Permeability, The property of a cell membrane that allows certain substances to pass through while blocking others
- 7. Energy, The amount of energy required to break one mole of bonds in a substance
- 8. , The diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration
- 10. A chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6
- 12. A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means, consisting of atoms with the same number of protons
- 13. The substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution
- 15. Theory ,A fundamental concept in biology that states all living organisms are composed of cells, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells
- 16. Acids, Organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins
- 18. A group of two or more atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound
- 19. A solution that has the same solute concentration as another solution, resulting in no net movement of water
- 22. A scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution, ranging from 0 (acidic) to 14 (basic)
- 24. A chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8, essential for respiration in most living organisms
- 26. The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
- 27. Bond, A chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
- 28. A substance that accepts protons (H⁺ ions) or donates hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in a chemical reaction and has a pH greater than 7
- 30. A substance formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded together
- 31. Reactions, Processes that involve the transformation of reactants into products through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds
- 32. A substance that donates protons (H⁺ ions) in a chemical reaction and has a pH less than 7
Down
- 1. Organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, typically in a ratio of 1:2:1, serving as a major energy source
- 3. Factors in an experiment that are kept the same to ensure that the test results are valid and reliable
- 4. The lightest and most abundant chemical element, represented by the symbol H and atomic number 1
- 5. The smallest unit of a chemical element, consisting of a nucleus surrounded by electrons
- 6. A solution that has a higher solute concentration compared to another solution, causing water to leave cells and potentially leading to shrinkage
- 9. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, where one substance (the solute) is dissolved in another (the solvent)
- 11. Substances that undergo a chemical change in a reaction
- 14. The substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution, typically present in the greater amount
- 15. Gradient, A difference in the concentration of a substance across a space
- 17. An atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, resulting in a net electric charge Ionic Bond, A type of chemical bond formed through the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
- 20. A solution that has a lower solute concentration compared to another solution, causing water to enter cells and potentially leading to swelling
- 21. Large biomolecules made up of one or more long chains of amino acids
- 23. Substances that are formed as a result of a chemical reaction
- 25. Bond, A weak bond between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen
- 29. Reaction, A chemical reaction that releases energy in the form of heat to the surroundings Endothermic Reaction, A chemical reaction that absorbs energy from the surroundings
- 30. Factors in an experiment that are kept the same to ensure that the test results are valid and reliable.