Across
- 5. independently owned group of Japanese firms joined and governed by an external board of directors in order to regulate competition.
- 6. shift of an economy, or part of an economy, from private ownership to government ownership.
- 8. comprehensive, centralized economic plan used by the Soviet Union and China to coordinate development of agriculture and industry.
- 10. China’s second Five-Year Plan, begun in 1958, which forced collectivization of agriculture and rapid industrialization.
- 12. national policy of avoiding international alliances and economic interactions.
- 13. market in which goods and services are sold illegally.
- 14. established in 1993 by the Maastricht Treaty, its 28 member countries make it the largest single unified market in the world in terms of population and output.
- 16. certificates that could be used to purchase government-owned property during privatization.
- 17. entering into an activity.
Down
- 1. conversion of state-owned factories and other property to private ownership.
- 2. fundamental restructuring of the Soviet economy; policy introduced by Gorbachev.
- 3. requiring large amounts of capital in relation to labor.
- 4. gross domestic product on a per person basis; can be expressed in current or constant dollars.
- 7. forced common ownership of factors of production; used in the former Soviet Union in agriculture and manufacturing.
- 9. independent Polish labor union founded in 1980 by Lech Walesa.
- 11. central planning authority in the former Soviet Union that devised and directed Five-Year Plans.
- 15. number of people per square mile of land area.