Chapter 2

3. The attempt to make excuses or formulate logical reasons to justify unacceptable feelings or behaviors
5. Refusal to acknowledge the existence of a real situation or the feelings associated with it
6. A retreat to an earlier level of development and the comfort measures associated with that level of functioning
7. The act of covering up a real or perceived weakness by emphasizing a trait one considers more desirable
9. The attribution to another person of feelings or impulses that are unacceptable to one’s self
10. Internalization of the beliefs and values of another individual, which symbolically become a part of the self, to the extent that the feeling of separateness or distinctness is lost
11. An attempt to increase self-worth by acquiring certain attributes and characteristics of an individual one admires

1. separating a thought or a memory from the feeling, tone, or emotions associated with it
2. Transference of feelings from one target to another that is considered less threatening or neutral
3. The involuntary blockage of unpleasant feelings and experiences from one’s awareness
4. Symbolic negation or cancellation of a previous action or experience that one finds intolerable
8. The voluntary blockage of unpleasant feelings and experiences from one’s awareness