Chapter 2

5. Catholic reaction to the reformation, meant to protect their church and reform all Protestants
8. of Supremacy the act in which the English church split off from the Roman Catholic church in 1534
10. a parliament-like meeting between the rulers of the Holy Roman Empire
11. of Nobles a petition of Dutch nobles for Philip II to lower taxes, return some of the province’s power and ease up on the persecution of Protestants
13. Learning the methods and ideas used by the ancient Greeks and Romans to study the world
14. besiege surrounding a city or castle with the intention of taking it over or starving its people out
16. philosophical point of view in which human beings have control over their lives; it places critical thinking and reason over religion
17. the person who rules an area for the King while he is away
18. fury mutiny of Spanish mercenaries in which they plundered and burned down Antwerp
20. of abjuration the official declaration of independence from Philip II by the Northern provinces of the Low Countries
22. of Utrecht the alliance of the Northern provinces of the Low Countries against Spain
25. the seventeen provinces that formed the Low Countries
29. Fury destruction and theft of art in churches, nunneries and monasteries throughout the Low Countries
30. the split between the Catholics and the Protestant church
31. General a general meeting with representatives from all provinces

1. Church the main religion in Europe since the Roman Empire
2. Protestants who fled from Alva’s Council of Troubles; they supported William of Orange in his rebellion
3. of Troubles a special tribunal sent by Philip II to the Low countries to convict the people involved in the Iconoclastic Fury
4. a nobleman who represented the king in one or more provinces
6. the systematic persecution of Protestants in Europe
7. all Christian religions that are non Catholic
9. the language and dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a region
12. geuzen that operated at sea
15. towns cities with high walls and sometimes moats to protect them from attacks
19. letters signed by the pope or a bishop in which all your sins were forgiven
21. Praise of Folly a satirical book by Erasmus in which he criticises superstitions in Europe and the Catholic Church
23. Church the church in England after Henry VIII made himself head of this church
24. of Augsburg treaty in which each German ruler could choose if his princedom would be Catholic or Protestant
26. Revolt the rise of the Northern provinces of the Low Countries against Alva
27. to allow things that are forbidden by the government of your country, or that are not common
28. (Book) a philosophical book by Thomas More that shows a perfect society; (noun) an imaginary place or state where things are perfect
29. a list of books banned by the Catholic Church