Across
- 4. one sugar molecule, two sugar molecules, or a long chain of sugar molecules
- 9. the movement of substances through a cell membrane only by using the cell’s energy
- 10. the process during which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with the cell membrane
- 12. a substance that forms by joining many small molecules together
- 13. a series of chemical reactions that convert the energy in food molecules into a usable form of energy called ATP
- 14. a large macromolecule that does not dissolve in water
- 15. a flexible covering that protects the inside of a cell from the environment outside a cell
- 17. a process by which glucose, a sugar, is broken down into smaller molecules
- 19. a reaction that eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells use to obtain energy from food when oxygen levels are low
- 20. the diffusion of water molecules only
- 21. the movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
- 22. a long chain of amino acid molecules
- 23. when molecules pass through a cell membrane using special proteins called transport proteins
Down
- 1. a series of chemical reactions that converts light energy, water, and carbon dioxide into the food-energy molecule glucose and gives off oxygen
- 2. the process during which a cell’s vesicles release their contents outside the cell
- 3. the part of a eukaryotic cell that directs cell activities and contains genetic information stored in DNA
- 5. a membrane-surrounded component of a cell that has specialized functions
- 6. a membrane-bound organelle that uses light energy and makes food—a sugar called glucose—from water and carbon dioxide in a process known as photosynthesis
- 7. a network of threadlike proteins that are joined together
- 8. a stiff structure outside the cell membrane
- 11. a fluid inside a cell that contains salts and other molecules
- 15. states that all living things are made of one or more cells, the cell is the smallest unit of life, and all new cells come from preexisting cells
- 16. a macromolecule that forms when long chains of molecules called nucleotides join together
- 18. the movement of substances through a cell membrane without using the cell’s energy