chapter 2: chemistry of life

2. / the substances made by a chemical reaction.
5. / molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.
7. / forms through the electrical force between oppositely charged ions.
8. / a macromolecule made of many monomers bonded together.
11. / two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
13. / a compound that releases a proton when it dissolves in water.
14. / reached when both the reactants and products are made at the same rate.
15. / The smallest basic unit of matter.
17. / polymers that are made up of monomers called nucleotides.
18. / change substances into different substances by breaking and forming chemical bonds.
22. / molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and they include sugars and starches.
23. / the amount of energy that will break a bond between two atoms.
25. / a substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together in a certain ratio.
27. / the specific reactants that an enzyme acts one.
30. / the attraction among molecules of different substances.
32. / a substance that dissolves in a solvent.
33. / each subunit in the complete molecule.

1. / catalysts for chemical reactions in living things.
3. / the attraction among molecules stick to each other.
4. / the amount of energy that needs to be absorbed for a chemical reaction to start.
6. / a polymer made of monomers called amino acids.
9. / nonpolar molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol.
10. / the substance that is present in the greater amount and that dissolves another substance.
12. / a substance that decreases the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction, and increases the rate of the chemical reaction.
16. / a chemical reaction absorbs more energy than it releases.
19. / forms when atoms share a pair of electrons.
20. / chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms.
21. / the substance changed during a chemical reaction.
24. / a chemical reaction releases more energy than it absorbs.
26. / an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons.
28. / a homogeneous mixture.
29. / compounds that remove H+ ions from a solution.
31. / one particular type of atom, and it cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical means.