Chapter 2 vocab

4. the material inside the cell, excluding the nucleus
6. allowing some substances to pass through while keeping other out
7. a small organelle in eukaryotic cells that act as the demolition crew within a cell
9. the movement of molecules across a membrane without the cell doing any work, as in osmosis and diffusion
12. a whip-like structure that some cells use to propel themselves through their environment
15. the organelle in eukaryotie cells that modify many proteins and packages them into small bubble-like structures called vesicles
17. a group of similar cells that work together
18. the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
20. a special cell that divides and matures into any type of cell needed by the body
22. a network of tubes in eukaryotic cells that help produce and transport proteins and other molecules throughout the cell
28. the difference in the number of a certain type of molecule on each side of a membrane
29. a protein that speeds up or slows down chemical reactions
30. the molecule that a cell uses to power many processes in the cell that need chemical energy
31. a structure that contains a cell's DNA

1. the organelle in eukaryotic cells that makes the most of cells ATP
2. a small structure that assembles proteins found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
3. several types of long, thin fibers anchored to various parts of the cell that helps the cell maintain and change its shape
5. a rigid structure that surrounds and protects some cells
8. the movement of a molecule through a membrane as a result of a concentration gradient
10. a group of tissues that work together
11. the molecule that contains important information for making proteins and helps regulate many cellular processes
13. a slimy layer surrounding some bacteria that protects them from harmful substances and prevents their dying out
14. the structure that surrounds all cells and regulates what comes in and goes out
16. describes a process that does no use oxygen
19. the model of cell that states that cells make up all living things
21. the process in organisms of breaking down molecules to produce atp
23. the green pigment that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis
24. the process of which plants uses energy from the sun to turn carbon dioxide and water into the sugar glucose
25. an organizer that can make its own food, typically in an area that has no soil
26. the movement of molecules across a membrane that requires the cells to do work
27. the usually-surrounded structures in a eukaryotic cell that preform special functions