Chapter 2 Vocabulary

2. A substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction but is not itself used up or affected by the reaction.
4. A class of organic compounds that serve as the building blocks for information storage molecules DNA and RNA.
6. An attraction between two atoms as a result of sharing or transferring valence electrons.
7. A chemical that gives off hydrogen ions in water and forms salts by combining within certain metals.
11. A pure substance made of only one kind of atom.
13. The substances formed during a chemical reaction usually indicated on the right-hand side of a chemical equation.
15. A measurement of the average speed of the particles within a substance.
16. The process by which particles in solution are evenly distributed throughout the solvent by Brownian motion.
17. Molcules that combine to form proteins.
20. Quality of molecules having an uneven distribution of electrical charge, resulting in some regions of a molecule having negative charge while others are positive.
21. The tendency of energy to disperse and become less available to do work.
22. The ability to do work. Especially in biology, the driver of the physical and chemical processes necessary for life.
23. A pure substance made from two or more elements that are chemically combined.
24. Any carbohydrate that dissolves in water, is usually crystalline and has a sweet taste.
25. A substance that can produce hydroxide ions or accept hydrogen ions in a solution.

1. An organic compound comprised of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes sugars, starch and cellulose.
3. The attraction of molecules of one kind for molecules of a different kind.
5. A covalently bonded compound containing the element carbon.
8. The building block of matter; the smallest possible particle of an element.
9. A substance that is present before a chemical reaction and takes part in it, usually shown on the left-hand side of a chemical equation.
10. The attraction between like particles within polar substances.
12. The smallest particle of a covalently bonded compound.
13. A change in a substance that does not change the identity of the substance.
14. A change in a substance that results in one or more new substances being formed that have different physical and chemical properties than those of the original substance.
16. The process which one substance, the solute, is broken up into smaller pieces by and distributed within a second substance, the solvent.
18. A substance that binds to an enzyme and reduces its activity, thus slowing a chemical reaction that the enzyme catalyzes.
19. The physical stuff that makes up the universe. Anything that occupies space and has mass.