Chapter 2-Weathering and Soil

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Across
  1. 3. Process that splits rock when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and expands.
  2. 5. Rock that makes up Earth’s crust, also the solid rock layer beneath the soil.
  3. 8. The management of soil to limit its destruction.
  4. 12. A layer of soil below topsoil that has less plant and animal matter than topsoil and contains mostly clay and other materials.
  5. 13. The type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces.
  6. 15. The chemical and physical processes that break down rock and other substances.
  7. 16. The planting of different crops in a field each year to maintain the soil’s fertility.
  8. 17. Plowing fields along the curves of a slope to prevent soil loss.
  9. 19. The grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried in water, ice, or wind.
  10. 20. A measure of how well soil supports plant growth.
  11. 21. A chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen.
  12. 23. A layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it.
  13. 24. The process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves weathered particles of rock and soil.
Down
  1. 1. The crumbly, topmost layer of soil made up of clay and other minerals and humus (nutrients and decaying plant and animal matter)
  2. 2. Anything naturally occurring in the environment that humans use.
  3. 4. An organism that gets energy by breaking down wastes and dead organisms, and returns raw materials to the soil and water.
  4. 6. The loose, weathered material on Earth’s surface in which plants can grow.
  5. 7. Soil conservation method in which weeds and dead stalks from the previous year’s crop are plowed into the ground.
  6. 9. Dark-colored organic material in soil.
  7. 10. Rich, fertile soil that is make up of about equal parts of clay, sand, and silt.
  8. 11. The geologic principle that the same geologic processes that operate today operated in the past to change Earth’s surface.
  9. 14. The process that breaks down rock thought chemical changes.
  10. 18. Characteristic of a material that contains connected air spaces, or pores, that water can seep through easily.
  11. 22. A range of values used to indicate how acidic or basic a substance is.