Chapter 2-Weathering and Soil

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Across
  1. 5. Dark-colored organic material in soil.
  2. 7. The chemical and physical processes that break down rock and other substances.
  3. 10. The crumbly, topmost layer of soil made up of clay and other minerals and humus (nutrients and decaying plant and animal matter).
  4. 11. Characteristic of a material that contains connected air spaces, or pores, that water can seep through easily.
  5. 12. The loose, weathered material on Earth’s surface in which plants can grow.
  6. 13. A chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen.
  7. 14. Rock that makes up Earth’s crust, also the solid rock layer beneath the soil.
  8. 15. Soil conservation method in which weeds and dead stalks from the previous year’s crop are plowed into the ground.
  9. 17. A layer of soil below topsoil that has less plant and animal matter than topsoil and contains mostly clay and other minerals.
  10. 19. The process that breaks down rock thought chemical changes.
  11. 21. The management of soil to limit its destruction.
  12. 22. Rich, fertile soil that is make up of about equal parts of clay, sand, and silt.
  13. 23. Anything naturally occurring in the environment that humans use.
Down
  1. 1. A range of values used to indicate how acidic or basic a substance is.
  2. 2. A measure of how well soil supports plant growth.
  3. 3. Process that splits rock when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and expands.
  4. 4. The planting of different crops in a field each year to maintain the soil’s fertility.
  5. 6. The type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces.
  6. 8. Plowing fields along the curves of a slope to prevent soil loss.
  7. 9. The geologic principle that the same geologic processes that operate today operated in the past to change Earth’s surface.
  8. 16. An organism that gets energy by breaking down wastes and dead organisms, and returns raw materials to the soil and water.
  9. 17. A layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it.
  10. 18. The grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried in water, ice, or wind.
  11. 20. The process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves weathered particles of rock and soil.