Chapter 20

5. acid, forms when carbon dioxide and water combine (two words)
13. dehydration affects the cells, tissues, and __
16. when pinched the skin remains peaked (tenting) this is a sign of
18. hypercalcemia results from hyperparathyroidism/hypothyroidism or __
19. acids, release few H+ in solution/dont affect pH (two words)
22. carbonic acid will dissociate creating hydrogen and __
25. main electrolyte in extracellular fluid (90% of its osmolarity)
26. results from blood loss or when sodium and water are lost, such as from diarrhea. (not volume depletion)
28. 35% of the body's water resides outside cells
29. result from chronic vomiting or diarrhea

1. shock, circulatory collapse
2. adjusts the excretion of sodium
3. concentration of K+ greater than 5.3 mEq/L
4. physical changes stimulate the thirst center in the __
6. if the osmolarity of tissue fluid falls, water moves __ of the tissues and into the cells
7. intoxication, occur if someone consumes an excessive amount of water or if someone replaces heavy losses of water and sodium with just water (two words)
8. __ metabolism produces lactic acid
9. self-corrects because even a small rise in sodium triggers thirst
10. major anions are chloride/phosphate and __
11. ICF and ECF continually mingle, as the fluid easily passes through the __ membrane surrounding each compartment
12. __ system that is the most powerful of all the buffer systems
14. buffers, __ respond first followed by the respiratory system and finally the renal system
15. crucial for proper nerve and muscle function
17. increases excitation of nerves and muscles, leading to muscle spasms and tetany
20. ADH stimulates the __ to reabsorb water
21. a balance of __ is crucial for the body to function properly
23. the most abundant extracellular anion
24. in metabolic alkalosis the pH is too __. breathing slows allowing CO2 to accumulate and pH drops
27. major cations of the body are sodium/potassium/calcium and __