Chapter 2

2. a hardware architecture and a software framework where the combination allows software to run
3. the act of creating a virtual version of something
4. a logically visible subdivision of an IP network
7. a computer program that manages input/output requests from software and translates them into data processing instructions for the central processing unit
8. software that provides an interface for users of an operating system to access the services of a kernel
9. a means of interacting with a computer program where the user issues commands to the program in the form of successive lines of text
12. the process of replacing a product with a newer version of the same product
13. a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs
14. software that implements an operating system of some kind that is oriented to computer networking
17. used to control how information is stored and retrieved

1. a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators
5. a piece of software designed to fix problems
6. can redirect standard streams to user-specified locations
10. all computer software needs certain hardware components or other software resources to be present on a computer
11. the node on the computer network that the network software uses when an IP address does not match any other routes in the routing table
14. a proprietary file system developed by Microsoft Corporation for its Windows NT line of operating systems
15. a numerical label assigned to each device
16. the act of installing multiple operating systems on a computer