Across
- 6. Long tubes that are stacked and allow movement of water
- 8. A root that develops from the radicle of a plant embryo, grows vertically downward, and forms branches called lateral roots
- 9. Thin, porous areas of the cell wall in which water moves between tracheids
- 14. Thicker cell walls than parenchyma cells and normally irregular in shape
- 17. Thick, even rigid cell walls
- 19. A joint between two adjacent sections in the stem of a plant where buds form and leaves or branches start to grow
- 21. The arrangement of veins in which the main vein or veins repeatedly branch to form a conspicuous network of smaller veins
- 22. The growing region at the tips of stems and roots in plants
- 24. An organ of climbing plants that grows in spiral form and wraps around another body to help support the plant
- 28. The spaces between nodes
- 29. The arrangement of veins in which several main veins are roughly parallel to each other
- 31. In plants, the layer of vertically elongated cells that contains chloroplasts, that is located beneath the upper epidermis of leaves, and that participates in photosynthesis
- 33. A part of a plant that makes sugars and other organic compounds and from which these compounds are transported to other parts of the plant
- 35. The arrangement of veins in a leaf
- 36. The protective layer of cells that covers the tip of a root
- 37. The darker wood in the center of a tree
- 38. Elements that plant cells use in smaller amounts (100 mg/kg of dry matter)
- 41. An explanation for the movement of water up the stem xylem of tall plants; states that water is pulled up the xylem vessels by the cohesive force between the water molecules and the adhesion of the water molecules to the rigid vessel walls
- 43. The innermost layer of the cortex
- 46. Conducting parenchyma cell of angiosperm phloem
- 48. Elements that plant cells use in large amounts (1,000 mg/kg of dry matter)
- 50. A layer of tissue under the cork layer where cork cells are produced
- 52. In secondary xylem (wood), the growth ring formed in one season
- 53. A system of adventitious roots of approximately equal diameter that arise from the base of a stem of a plant
- 54. Long, thick-walled sclerenchyma cell with tapering end
- 55. The process by which plants release water vapor into the air through stomata
- 56. The outermost layer or layers of the central vascular tissues
- 57. Any place where a plant stores or uses organic nutrients, such as sugar or starches
- 59. A leaf whose blade is divided into leaflets
- 60. Schlerenchyma cell that has either large holes in the top and bottom walls or no end walls at all.
Down
- 1. A ground tissue composed of chloroplast-rich parenchyma cells; the tissue where photosynthesis occurs
- 2. In plants, the primary tissue located in the epidermis
- 3. Loosely packed cube-shaped or elongated cells with a large central vacuole and thin, flexible cell walls.
- 4. A leaf that has a single blade
- 5. Regions of undifferentiated plant cells that are capable of dividing and developing into specialized plant tissue
- 7. Modified cells on the leaf epidermis that regulate gas and water exchange
- 10. The movement of soluble nutrients from one part of a plant to another
- 11. The tissue that is located in the center of the stem of most vascular plants and that is used for storage
- 12. Dividing tissue that runs parallel to the long axis of a stem or a root; allow stems and roots to grow in diameter
- 13. A specialized parenchyma cell that assists in transport and that gives rise to sieve tubes in angiosperms
- 15. In plants, a bundle of vascular tissue that transports fluids and nutrients
- 16. Inside a leaf, the tissue that is made up of loosely arranged parenchyma cells that contain chloroplasts and are surrounded by air spaces that promote the diffusion of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water throughout the leaf
- 18. An extension of the epidermis of a root that increases the root's surface area for absorption
- 20. An explanation for the movement of carbohydrates in the phloem of plants; holds that carbohydrates are actively transported into sieve tubes
- 23. The functional, often lighter-colored wood nearer the outside of a trunk
- 25. One segment of a compound leaf
- 26. Outer layer of parenchyma cells of the dermal tissue system
- 27. The stalk the attaches a leaf to the stem of a plant
- 30. Specialized roots that grow from uncommon places, such as stems and leaves
- 32. The broad, flat portion of a leaf
- 34. waxy layMer that prevents water loss
- 39. The wood that forms during spring (if water is plentiful) when the vascular cambium can form new xylem with cells that are wide and thin-walled
- 40. A shoot or flower that has immature leaves folded in the growing tip
- 42. Stacks of sieve tube members
- 44. A region that connects two sieve cells and that has one or more sieve areas, which consist of clusters of pores through which the cytoplasm of the cells is connected and through which materials are transported
- 45. The protective outside covering of woody plants
- 47. The wood that forms during summer (when water is limited) when the vascular cambium forms xylem which has smaller cells with thicker walls
- 49. In a plant, the lateral meristem that produces secondary xylem and phloem
- 51. Modified leaves that form a protective covering for a bud until it opens
- 58. Secondary xylem produced in gymnosperm and dicot stems