Across
- 4. A region that connects two sieve cells and that has one or more sieve areas, which consist of clusters of pores through which the cytoplasm of the cells is connected and through which materials are transported
- 6. waxy layMer that prevents water loss
- 10. A leaf whose blade is divided into leaflets
- 14. Regions of undifferentiated plant cells that are capable of dividing and developing into specialized plant tissue
- 15. Conducting parenchyma cell of angiosperm phloem
- 17. The arrangement of veins in which several main veins are roughly parallel to each other
- 18. In plants, the layer of vertically elongated cells that contains chloroplasts, that is located beneath the upper epidermis of leaves, and that participates in photosynthesis
- 24. Thicker cell walls than parenchyma cells and normally irregular in shape
- 26. A joint between two adjacent sections in the stem of a plant where buds form and leaves or branches start to grow
- 27. An explanation for the movement of carbohydrates in the phloem of plants; holds that carbohydrates are actively transported into sieve tubes
- 29. Outer layer of parenchyma cells of the dermal tissue system
- 30. A root that develops from the radicle of a plant embryo, grows vertically downward, and forms branches called lateral roots
- 32. A ground tissue composed of chloroplast-rich parenchyma cells; the tissue where photosynthesis occurs
- 34. An extension of the epidermis of a root that increases the root's surface area for absorption
- 35. The movement of soluble nutrients from one part of a plant to another
- 36. Elements that plant cells use in smaller amounts (100 mg/kg of dry matter)
- 38. Thin, porous areas of the cell wall in which water moves between tracheids
- 39. Any place where a plant stores or uses organic nutrients, such as sugar or starches
- 40. One segment of a compound leaf
- 43. The protective outside covering of woody plants
- 44. A part of a plant that makes sugars and other organic compounds and from which these compounds are transported to other parts of the plant
- 45. A layer of tissue under the cork layer where cork cells are produced
- 46. A system of adventitious roots of approximately equal diameter that arise from the base of a stem of a plant
- 48. Long tubes that are stacked and allow movement of water
- 55. A leaf that has a single blade
- 56. In secondary xylem (wood), the growth ring formed in one season
- 58. The spaces between nodes
- 59. Secondary xylem produced in gymnosperm and dicot stems
- 60. Modified cells on the leaf epidermis that regulate gas and water exchange
Down
- 1. The darker wood in the center of a tree
- 2. The functional, often lighter-colored wood nearer the outside of a trunk
- 3. The tissue that is located in the center of the stem of most vascular plants and that is used for storage
- 5. Schlerenchyma cell that has either large holes in the top and bottom walls or no end walls at all.
- 7. In plants, the primary tissue located in the epidermis
- 8. Inside a leaf, the tissue that is made up of loosely arranged parenchyma cells that contain chloroplasts and are surrounded by air spaces that promote the diffusion of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water throughout the leaf
- 9. Modified leaves that form a protective covering for a bud until it opens
- 11. An explanation for the movement of water up the stem xylem of tall plants; states that water is pulled up the xylem vessels by the cohesive force between the water molecules and the adhesion of the water molecules to the rigid vessel walls
- 12. Thick, even rigid cell walls
- 13. The arrangement of veins in which the main vein or veins repeatedly branch to form a conspicuous network of smaller veins
- 16. The stalk the attaches a leaf to the stem of a plant
- 19. Dividing tissue that runs parallel to the long axis of a stem or a root; allow stems and roots to grow in diameter
- 20. The innermost layer of the cortex
- 21. In a plant, the lateral meristem that produces secondary xylem and phloem
- 22. A shoot or flower that has immature leaves folded in the growing tip
- 23. The growing region at the tips of stems and roots in plants
- 25. Specialized roots that grow from uncommon places, such as stems and leaves
- 28. The outermost layer or layers of the central vascular tissues
- 31. Elements that plant cells use in large amounts (1,000 mg/kg of dry matter)
- 33. Loosely packed cube-shaped or elongated cells with a large central vacuole and thin, flexible cell walls.
- 37. A specialized parenchyma cell that assists in transport and that gives rise to sieve tubes in angiosperms
- 41. The process by which plants release water vapor into the air through stomata
- 42. Stacks of sieve tube members
- 47. The wood that forms during spring (if water is plentiful) when the vascular cambium can form new xylem with cells that are wide and thin-walled
- 49. The wood that forms during summer (when water is limited) when the vascular cambium forms xylem which has smaller cells with thicker walls
- 50. Long, thick-walled sclerenchyma cell with tapering end
- 51. The broad, flat portion of a leaf
- 52. The arrangement of veins in a leaf
- 53. An organ of climbing plants that grows in spiral form and wraps around another body to help support the plant
- 54. In plants, a bundle of vascular tissue that transports fluids and nutrients
- 57. The protective layer of cells that covers the tip of a root