Across
- 1. The tissue that is located in the center of the stem of most vascular plants and that is used for storage
- 5. The wood that forms during summer (when water is limited) when the vascular cambium forms xylem which has smaller cells with thicker walls
- 9. Long tubes that are stacked and allow movement of water
- 14. An extension of the epidermis of a root that increases the root's surface area for absorption
- 16. The arrangement of veins in which the main vein or veins repeatedly branch to form a conspicuous network of smaller veins
- 18. A specialized parenchyma cell that assists in transport and that gives rise to sieve tubes in angiosperms
- 20. In secondary xylem (wood), the growth ring formed in one season
- 25. Secondary xylem produced in gymnosperm and dicot stems
- 26. The growing region at the tips of stems and roots in plants
- 27. A leaf whose blade is divided into leaflets
- 28. A shoot or flower that has immature leaves folded in the growing tip
- 29. Regions of undifferentiated plant cells that are capable of dividing and developing into specialized plant tissue
- 33. Any place where a plant stores or uses organic nutrients, such as sugar or starches
- 34. In plants, the layer of vertically elongated cells that contains chloroplasts, that is located beneath the upper epidermis of leaves, and that participates in photosynthesis
- 37. A region that connects two sieve cells and that has one or more sieve areas, which consist of clusters of pores through which the cytoplasm of the cells is connected and through which materials are transported
- 38. The protective outside covering of woody plants
- 42. One segment of a compound leaf
- 43. In a plant, the lateral meristem that produces secondary xylem and phloem
- 45. Modified cells on the leaf epidermis that regulate gas and water exchange
- 52. Thicker cell walls than parenchyma cells and normally irregular in shape
- 54. An explanation for the movement of water up the stem xylem of tall plants; states that water is pulled up the xylem vessels by the cohesive force between the water molecules and the adhesion of the water molecules to the rigid vessel walls
- 57. An organ of climbing plants that grows in spiral form and wraps around another body to help support the plant
- 58. The innermost layer of the cortex
- 59. The spaces between nodes
Down
- 2. A root that develops from the radicle of a plant embryo, grows vertically downward, and forms branches called lateral roots
- 3. A joint between two adjacent sections in the stem of a plant where buds form and leaves or branches start to grow
- 4. The arrangement of veins in a leaf
- 6. Elements that plant cells use in large amounts (1,000 mg/kg of dry matter)
- 7. The functional, often lighter-colored wood nearer the outside of a trunk
- 8. A layer of tissue under the cork layer where cork cells are produced
- 10. The wood that forms during spring (if water is plentiful) when the vascular cambium can form new xylem with cells that are wide and thin-walled
- 11. Loosely packed cube-shaped or elongated cells with a large central vacuole and thin, flexible cell walls.
- 12. The stalk the attaches a leaf to the stem of a plant
- 13. Stacks of sieve tube members
- 15. Inside a leaf, the tissue that is made up of loosely arranged parenchyma cells that contain chloroplasts and are surrounded by air spaces that promote the diffusion of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water throughout the leaf
- 17. Thin, porous areas of the cell wall in which water moves between tracheids
- 19. The arrangement of veins in which several main veins are roughly parallel to each other
- 21. Long, thick-walled sclerenchyma cell with tapering end
- 22. In plants, the primary tissue located in the epidermis
- 23. The process by which plants release water vapor into the air through stomata
- 24. Thick, even rigid cell walls
- 30. An explanation for the movement of carbohydrates in the phloem of plants; holds that carbohydrates are actively transported into sieve tubes
- 31. waxy layMer that prevents water loss
- 32. Dividing tissue that runs parallel to the long axis of a stem or a root; allow stems and roots to grow in diameter
- 33. Conducting parenchyma cell of angiosperm phloem
- 35. The outermost layer or layers of the central vascular tissues
- 36. Modified leaves that form a protective covering for a bud until it opens
- 39. The protective layer of cells that covers the tip of a root
- 40. The darker wood in the center of a tree
- 41. The broad, flat portion of a leaf
- 44. A ground tissue composed of chloroplast-rich parenchyma cells; the tissue where photosynthesis occurs
- 46. A leaf that has a single blade
- 47. Specialized roots that grow from uncommon places, such as stems and leaves
- 48. A system of adventitious roots of approximately equal diameter that arise from the base of a stem of a plant
- 49. Schlerenchyma cell that has either large holes in the top and bottom walls or no end walls at all.
- 50. Elements that plant cells use in smaller amounts (100 mg/kg of dry matter)
- 51. A part of a plant that makes sugars and other organic compounds and from which these compounds are transported to other parts of the plant
- 53. Outer layer of parenchyma cells of the dermal tissue system
- 55. The movement of soluble nutrients from one part of a plant to another
- 56. In plants, a bundle of vascular tissue that transports fluids and nutrients