Chapter 3

5. victimless crimes that do not conform to a society’s norms or morals (ex. Public indecency, loitering)
6. the act that comprises the physical elements of a crime
7. circumstances surrounding a crime that increase the severity (ex. Amount of harm to the victim, lack of remorse)
10. the concrete evidence of a crime
12. a law that makes an action done before the passing of the law criminal
13. elements other than actus reus and mens rea that define a crime (ex. A victim’s age)
14. a relationship between between the mens rea, act, and resulting harm
15. a legislative act punishing a person or people without the benefit of a judicial trial

1. holds that behavior cannot be criminal if no law exists that defines it and a specified punishment for it
2. states that individuals may not be tried or punished a second time for the same offense
3. the “guilty mind”
4. used to determine factual casualty
8. refers to a statute defining a crime that is so unclear that a reasonable person could not determine what the law commands or prohibits
9. the damage done by an offender
11. circumstances surrounding a crime that lessen the moral severity (ex. Age, childhood trauma, lack of prior charges)