Chapter 3

2. rewards and punishments used to encourage people to follow norms
4. general cultural traits that exist in all cultures
5. impulse to reduce discomfort
7. judging others in terms of one’s own cultural standards
9. rewards or punishments that can be applied by most members of a group
13. norms that lack moral significance
14. actual behavior patterns of members of a group
15. a group that is part of the dominant culture but that differs from it in some important respects
18. a subculture deliberatelyad consciously opposed to certain central beliefs or attitudes of the dominant culture
20. innate (unlearned) patterns of behavior
23. theory stating that our idea of reality depends largely upon language
24. norms that have moral dimensions and that should be followed by members of the society
25. broad ideas about what is good or desirable shared by people in a society

1. groupings of perons who share a social characteristic
3. automatic reaction to physical stimuli
6. the concrete, tangible objects of a culture
8. the ways in which a culture expresses universal traits
10. ideas, knowledge, and beliefs that influence people’s behavior
11. cultural guidelines that group members claim to accept
12. sanctions imposed by persons given special authority
16. ideas about the nature of reality
17. the study of how biology influences human behavior
19. a group of people who inhabit a specific territory and share a common culture
21. knowledge, values, customs, and physical objects that shared by the members of society
22. a rule of behavior, the violation of which calls for strong punishment