Chapter 3 - Environmental Science

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Across
  1. 4. the movement and accumulation of eroded soil
  2. 6. sphere of Earth made up of the hard rock on and just below Earth's surface; the outermost layer of both Earth and its geosphere
  3. 7. matter that organisms need to carry out their life processes
  4. 9. the thin layer of gases that surrounds Earth
  5. 12. the process by which organisms use oxygen to release the chemical energy of sugars, producing carbon dioxide and water
  6. 15. fresh water found below Earth's surface
  7. 21. the introduction of phosphorus and nitrogen into a body of water that leads to an overgrowth of algae and other producers
  8. 23. the removal of soil by water, wind, ice, or gravity
  9. 24. all of the rock at and below Earth's surface
  10. 26. one of the rigid layers of the lithosphere
  11. 27. the return of water from the atmosphere to Earth's surface in the form of rain, snow, sleet or hail
  12. 28. a change in state from a liquid to a gas
  13. 29. the thin layer of rock that forms Earth's outer surface on land and in the ocean
Down
  1. 1. a circular process that describes how an event is both a cause and an effect in the same system; can be a positive feedback loop or a negative feedback loop
  2. 2. the circulation of nutrients through the atmosphere; also called nutrient cycle
  3. 3. the process by which primary producers use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars, releasing oxygen
  4. 5. the release of water vapor by plants through their leaves
  5. 8. an organism that can capture energy from the sun or from chemicals and store it; also called autotrophs
  6. 10. an organism (ie. a fungus or bacterium) that breaks down nonliving matter into simple parts that can be taken up and reused by primary producers
  7. 11. a mountain, island, or continent formed by the collisions and separations of tectonic plates
  8. 13. a change in state from a vapor to a liquid
  9. 14. the principle that states that matter can change form but cannot be created or destroyed
  10. 16. a spongelike formation of rock, sand, or gravel that holds water
  11. 17. all of the water - salt water and fresh water, in the form of liquid, ice, or vapor - above and below Earth's surface and in the atmosphere
  12. 18. the conversion of nitrogen gas into ammonia
  13. 19. the layer of very hot but mostly solid rock beneath Earth's crust
  14. 20. the layer of Earth below the mantle
  15. 22. the Earth and all of its organisms and environments
  16. 25. an organism that relies on other organisms for energy and nutrients; also called heterotrophs